Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NM conditions > Vestibular > Flashcards

Vestibular Flashcards

(71 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what are the roles of the vestibular system

A

-stabilize visual image during head movement
-provide sensory info for spatial orientation
-maintain postural stability when statinoary and during movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define postural control

A

-controls bodys position in space for stability and orientation between body segments and environemnt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define postural stability

A

maintenance of COM over BOS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define postural orientation

A

ability to maintain relationship between body segments and body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

at what age do children have more developed somatosemsory system but vision is more dominant for balance

A

<7.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are peripheral vestibular structures

A

-vestibular end organ
-cranial nerve VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the peripheral vestibular blood supply

A

-basiliar artery
-AICA
-labrynthine artery
-anterior-vestibular artery
-common cochlear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is in the peripiheral end organ

A

otoliths:
-utrticle: horz
-saccule: vertical

semicircular canals:
-ant, post, horz

hair cells convert head motion into neural firing

-bony labyrinth, membranous lab, endolymp, perilymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a otolithic membrane

A

gelatinous macula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does the otoconia do

A

provide shear forces for hair cell deflection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do otoliths do

A

linear motion detection
-fwd/bckwd
-up/down
-tilt

-tonic discharge
-push/pull relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what do semicircular canals do

A

ampulla:
-cupula deflection for hair cell depolorization

-perpendicular relationship
-3 coplanar pairs
-angular motion detection
-tonic discharge
-push/pull relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe how the peripheal and central meet

A

vestibular portion of CN VIII is a bipolar neuron with cell bodies in scarpa’s ganglion

-CN VII and VIII travel together through IAM and enter pontomedullary junction of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where do CN VII and CN VIII enter the brain?

A

cerebellopontine angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the vestibulo cerebellum

A

flocculonodular lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does the cerebellum do

A

interact with LVST, MVST, RST

-vestibulospinal mechanisms for postureal control continue to develop beyond 15 years old

-afferent impulses travel directly from the end organ to cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the thalamus do

A

-assists in discrimination between self movement and environmental movement

-multisensory integration for postural control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the vestibular cortex

A

-junction of parietal and insular lobe
-multisensory integration of vestibular information with somatosensation and vision
-sensory integrative capacity for postural control evolves between 7-15 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what do the vertebral arties do

A

PICA:
supplies inferior vestibular nuclei and inferior portions of cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does basilar artery do

A

supplies pons and more superior vestibular nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the VOR

A

vestibular ocular reflex
-stabilizes gaze during head movmenet

-VOR gain normal is 1:1
-intact and mature by age 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is VSR

A

vestibulo spinal reflexes

they coordinate head and body movements to maintain head in upright positions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is LVST

A

lateral vestibulo-spinal tract

adjusts limb movement for balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is MVST

A

medial vestibulo-spinal tract

-cervical connections
-branches to extraocular muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is VCR
vestibulo-colic reflex >> head righting -stabilizes head and neck -produces coordinated movements to track a moving target
26
what is ATNR
aysmmetric tonic neck reflex -neck rotation excites ipsilateral extensors and contralateral flexors
27
what is STNR
symmetrical tonic neck reflex -neck flexed excites bilateral UE flexors and LE extensors
28
what is COR
cervico-ocular reflex -eye movemnts driven by neck proprioceptors -supplements the VOR when needed -facilitated when vestibular organ injured -can be elicited in those without labrynihts so afferents are though to come from cervical proprioceptors -Oculo-cephalic reflex seen in indivudals who are comatose
29
what else is oculovestibulocephalic reflex
brainstem injury dolls eyes
30
what is CSR
cervicospinal reflex -can supplement VSR by altering tone in the body -related to tonic neck reflexes
31
what is CCR
cervicocolic reflex -stabilizes head on body -may be facilitated after vestibular loss
32
what are presentations of vestibular disorders
-decreased function -complete loss -acute, subacute, chronic -flucutating
33
what are some central patholiges
-TBI -MS -stroke -brain tumor -vestibular migraine
34
what are some peripheral patholiges
-BPPV= most common cause true vertigo -infection: neuritis is 2nd common cause of vertigo -labrynthiis -vestibular neuritis
35
what is endolymphatic hydrops Menieres Disease
-acute episodes 30 min- 24 hours -recovery usually within 72 hours -progressive hearing and vestibular impairments -endolymph hydrops= malabsorption of endolymph in the duct or sac -surgery or ablation possible -primarily medically managed but PT can educate people
36
what is perilymph fistula
-common at round and oval windows -inner and middle ear communicate -congential, prior ear surgery, barotrauma, sneezing, blast features include: -vertigo after loud sounds -surgery possible medically managed and PT refer out
37
what is superior canal dehiscence SCD
-creates a window through the bone -can be seen on CT scan features: -vertigo and oscillopsia induced by loud noises -surgy possible medically managed, PT refe
38
what is Mal de Debarquement Syndrome
-perception of motion when stationary and eyes are open -usually occurs after prolonged exposure to motion, such as on a cruise -difficulty adapting back to stable environment -getting off the boat syndrome -possible treatment w medication -focus on somatosensory referencing to vestibular sense -know how to examin for this -specialized treatment beyond entry level
39
what is Peripheral Neoplasms Acoustic Neroma
-a schwannoma, usually small, encapsulated, slow growing -can be seen on MRI -surgery possible -common and appropriate for PT treatment
40
what is Persistent Postural Perceptual Dizziness
-persistent dizziness -non spinning vertigo -perceived unsteadiness -result of long term maladaptation -occurs after a neuro-otologic, medical or psychological event that triggered vestibular symptoms common and appropriate for PT treatment
41
what is ototoxicity
1. aminoglycoside antibitoics like gentamicin 2. chemotherapy drugs: cisplatin and carboplatin
42
what is whiplash injury
-common with flex-ext injury -20% of those with whiplash and dizziness can take longer than 20 weeks to return to work -primary symptom neck pain 60-100% -20-58% with head injury or whiplash will have dizziness or dysequilibrium
43
what is whiplash exam
common findings: -occitpital or bitemporal headache -neck pain -not straight head nonspecific findings: -dizzy -sense of falling -hard to read -feel tired
44
talk about cervicogeneic dizziness and muscle spindles
-acute neck injury can cause chemical, ischemic or inflammatory events that affect spindles -chronic neck pathology can cuase additional secondary problems with spindles= fatiguability, atrophy, altered joint mechanics,
45
talk about cervical vertigo
-NOT an illusory perception of rotational, linear or rocking movement -defined as dizziness: an unpleasant and vague feeling involving spatial discomfort, unsteadiness and dullness
46
what kind of mechanism is whiplash
proprioceptive cervical
47
talk about cervicogeneic dizziness according to landel 2014
-cervical somatosensory mismach between vestibular and visual info -decreased cervical ROM -neck pain -WAD: chronic form -dysequilibirum and NOT true vertigo NOT spinning
48
what is some medical diagnostic testing
1. ENG 2. VNG 3. oculomotor function 4. positional tets 5. caloric testing
49
what is rotary chair testing
-used to determine whehter or not dizzy is due to disoder of inner ear vs brain and uni vs bilateral impairment
50
what is the 3 part rotary chair test
1. chair test: chair turned slowly, wearing goggles 2. optokinetic: view moving stripes 3. fixation: chair rotation and person looks at dot of light that rotate with them
51
what are VEMPs
vestibular evoked myogenic potential -test otolith function -can help diagnose superior canal dehiscence, Menieres
52
what is some PT testing?
-frenzel goggles -bucket test -dynamic posturophy AKA sensory organization testing
53
how do you asssess postural control
input processing output
54
what are some diagnostis specific tests
VOR and VOR cancellation
55
what are some oculomotor tests
quality of movement and symptom provocation
56
what are some head movemnet tests
quality of movement and symptom provocation
57
what is an otolith test
head righting
58
what is a semicricular canal test
BPPV
59
what are some chief complaints
-diziiness -imbalance
60
what is the description of dizziness
-vertigo -oscillopsia -lighteaded -disequilibrium -confused or disorientated
61
what are some precipitating events
-fall -MVA -concussion -illness -ototoxicity -whiplash -diet changesr
62
what are some subjective questionnaires
ABC DHI
63
how do you screen for vertebral artery
-neck trauma -cervical surgery /arthritis -sensitivity (poor) -specificity 67-97% -hallmark signs of vertebrobasilar insufficiency warrant extreme caution and referral -modiifed positions if pt has vestibular complaints -modified version is slouch test
64
what are the 5 D's
-diplopia -dysphagia -dysarthria -dizziness -drop attack
65
what are the 3 N's
-nausea -nystagmus -numbness
66
what are static observations during an oculomotor exam
-ocular malalignment: head tilt towards side of lesion may be otolithic or central dysfunction -ocular torsion: eye on involved side rotates down -skew deviation: vertical malalignment
67
what is HINTS exam
Head Impulse Test Nystagmus Test of vertical Skew
68
talk about remediation = adaptation/uptraining
-produce an error signal and recalibrate vestibular input -uptrain or force use particular senses -central selection, prioritization, integration
69
talk about sensory habituation= desensitization
repetition of provoking movements with cautious symptom provocation and settling
70
talk about sensory subsitution=compensation
if sensory info missing -inherent limitations: may need additional compensations under certain circumstances
71
what is temporary prevention
while "uncompensated", avoid: -swimming -dark environments -running on a soft surface -driving in rain, snow, dark

NM conditions (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions