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Vet Assisting > Vet Assisting Block 3 > Flashcards

Vet Assisting Block 3 Flashcards

1
Q

In house testing

A

Any test done at veterinary clinic
Can take minutes or hours
Blood work, fecal smear/float, urinalysis

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2
Q

Off site testing

A

Packaged and sent to different laboratory for analysis - huge variety of testing options

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3
Q

What can VOAs do in some clinics to prepare blood work

A

Prepare samples
Package samples
Assist with lab work

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4
Q

Safety procedures when working with blood samples

A

Wear gloves when handling samples

Wash blood afterwards

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5
Q

Disposal of blood tubes

A 
Anything sharp (glass slides, glass tubes) go into sharps containers 
Everything else into garbage
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6
Q

How long to keep blood samples

A

Kept for a while until confirmed no longer needed

Don’t throw away without asking

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7
Q

What is a binocular microscope used for

A

To look at small objects (blood cells, parasites)

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8
Q

Why do you keep a microscope cover on when it’s not in use?

A

Protects equipment, reduces dust

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9
Q

Cleaning a binocular microscope

A

Clean lens with lens paper and lens cleaner if needed (or small amount of alcohol)
SM amount of immersion oil with oil lens (enhances ability to see)
Clean off oil with lens paper with every use
Only use oil with immersion oil lens
Follow recommended instructions for cleaning

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10
Q

3 rules when using a centrifuge

A

Always balance a centrifuge before turning on
Always lock lid
Never try to stop or slow down a turning centrifuge

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11
Q

How to balance a centrifuge

A

Balance with equal volume tubes (usually filled with water)

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12
Q

Microhematocrit centrifuge

A

Small tubes (PCV tubes)

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13
Q

Standard sized centrifuge

A

Variable rpm /timer

Fixed slant or swinging bucket head

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14
Q

Fixed slant

A

Held at a fixed angle

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15
Q

Swinging bucket heads

A

One hinge

Tube moves outward during rotation

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16
Q

Refractometer

A

Clean after each use
Need to calibrate to 0 weekly with distilled water
Keep track of this to make sure it’s being done weekly
Need to measure specific gravity (usually of urine samples)

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17
Q

Blood analyzers

A

Wet or dry depending on regents used

Chemicals/agents

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18
Q

Wet blood analyzers

A

Regents (liquids)

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19
Q

Dry blood analyzers

A

Test strips

Usually kept in fridge

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20
Q

Do blood analyzers have an expiry date?

A

Yes, you always need to be checking for these

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21
Q

Single use blood analyzers

A

Urine chemistry strip analyzer

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22
Q

Multiple use blood analyzer

A

Blood machines; runs blood profiles , sometimes many tests
Stationary (large machines)
Portable (small machines)

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23
Q

Cleaning multi use blood analyzers

A

Follow instructions
Record when you calibrate
Notify manager if machine won’t calibrate

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24
Q

Commercial test kits

A

Single use test kits testing for one or multiple diseases

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25
SNAP test commercial test kits
Parco snap test | Ready in a snap
26
How to use commercial test kit
Read instructions for each individual kit
27
Storing commercial test kits
As recommended (some in fridge or at room temperature)
28
Problems with stains
Can precipitate (clump into solid) Or evaporate Keep tightly capped to reduce evaporation Reduce precipitate by filtering through filter paper into a clean container Stains everything it touches (gloves, protective clothing)
29
Reagant + test strips
Dated, check expiry dates Keep tightly capped/away from light and fumes Go over how to read urine test strips in case needed Do not centrifuge Use at room temperature (in fridge, allow time to warm up) Use pipette/syringe to put drops of urine onto test strip Turn on side with paper towel to remove excess Time matters! Read results (compare colors) between 1-2 minutes
30
Fecal containers
May be sent home with client for collection
31
Fecal float
Stool placed in fecal float device and filled with fecasol solution , cover slip placed on top Wait ten minutes then put on microscope slide and read results Some clinics centrifuge sample first (more accurate)
32
Importance of recording results accurately and making sure vet is aware of results
Always record results and let vet know Voa calls if results are normal, vet calls if abnormal results Vet needs to be notified asap if abnormal results
33
Materials needed to run specific tests
Each test requires different samples/materials (blood, stool, reagent, test strips) Make sure everything is labeled
34
Different types of blood tubes
Plasma, serum Different tubes for in house vs sent out Will need to be centrifuged Clean up, put materials away
35
Plasma tubes
Edta tube (purple)
36
Serum tube
Yellow/red/green
37
Tray for ear mites
Cotton tipped applicator Microscope slide Microscope Pencil to label
38
Skin mites tray
``` Scalpel blade Slide Microscope Mineral oil Cover slip Pencil ```
39
Flea tray
``` Roll of clear tape (adult) Comb for dirt Paper towel Water Pencil for slide ```
40
Lice tray
``` Comb Hemostat Microscope Microscope slide Tape Pencil ```
41
Ticks tray
``` Container Moist cotton ball Tube with no additives Label Tick twister ```
42
Fungus tray
Fungal culture plate Scalpel Hemostats** Pen, label , date
43
3 ways to examine feces for endoparasites
1) gross exam 2) fecal smear 3) fecal flotation
44
Two types of flotation
Centrifuge technique + ovassay (more common) OVA/egg lighter than fecal solution, float to top Can transfer to people, store in fridge
45
Materials for fecal float
Fecal solution Ovassay kit Coverslips Microscope slides
46
Blood collection supplies
``` Lab form What blood work needed (tubes/equipment will vary) Sterile needle/syringe (3cc and 22G) Butterfly needle/catheter (22 or 25g) Appropriate blood collection tubes Alcohol +/- clippers, exam gloves Tourniquet Pen to label tubes and fill out forms ```
47
Common location for venipuncture
Jugular Cephalic Femoral Saphenous
48
Red blood tubes
No anti coagulant | Serum samples
49
Gold/yellow/tiger tubes
Clot activator with gel | Serum
50
Lavender/purple tubes
EDTA anti-coagulant | Plasma
51
Green tubes
Lithium/heparin anticoagulant | Plasma
52
White tubes
EDTA k2 /clot activator with gel
53
Light blue
Sodium citrate | Serum
54
Hemolysis
The breaking open of RBC + release of their contents
55
How can hemolysis occur
``` Too rough mixing blood Too much pressure Difficult collection (animal struggles) Wrong needle size Too much suction on needle ```
56
How to prevent hemolysis
Have appropriate supplies handy and use good restrain methods. Gently handle blood after collection
57
What can alter test results
Stress Feeding Fluids Drugs
58
Serum
Fluid component removed from clotted blood (after centrifuged)
59
Plasma
Fluid part of unclothed blood
60
Where should blood collection be done
Treatment area away from owners
61
CBC
Complete blood count
62
Blood smear
Looks at cell morphology (RBC, WBC, platelet) | Healthy, diseased?
63
PCV
Packed cell volume Hematocrit Measures RBC amount in refractometer
64
Plasma/serum/protein concentration
Amount of protein in plasma | Use a refractometer
65
WBC
Amount of different types of WBC Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils Varies with infections, stress , allergic
66
RBC
Red blood cell count | Machine count of RBC component
67
Platelet determination
Machine giving platelet count
68
How can CBC be done
Blood smear / microscope Blood machine Examination of blood smear can't be done in machine
69
Know if blood sample sent to lab, or in house
If off site obtain patient history | Prepare blood tubes and smear before sending to lab
70
How to prepare/package samples for shipment
``` Use correct tubes Centrifuge serum before shipping Keep blood in fridge until pick up Call lab to arrange pick up Sent with cold pack before shipping Air dry and label ```
71
Lab samples lab
``` Patient name Date Client name Sample type Initials Species ```
72
In house testing
``` Correct tubes Centrifuge Use correct machine/reagant Not expired reagant Lab smear prepared Store in fridge until ready ```
73
PCV
Percentage of RBc in whole unclothed blood Microhematocrit tubes/centrifuge and card Reader for PCV Balance centrifuge Put tube into blood and draw to 3/4 mark Place finger over top to stop leakage Put end of tube into grey sealant to prevent leakage Prepare second tube with = amount of water to balance centrifuge Tighten and run centrifuge Use card reader Dark layer =plasma white layer=WBC
74
Refractometer
Measures refractive index (ratio of bending of light rays in air to bending of light rays in solution) Calibrate daily with distilled water Use pipette Blood and urine
75
Samples required for snap
Serum, plasma, whole blood, saliva, feces
76
What does snap measure
Antigen-antibody color which results in color change | Heartworm, felv/five, 4Dx-ticks, Parvo, giardia, T4

Vet Assisting (3 decks)

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