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vet assis > Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminol > Flashcards

Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminol Flashcards

1
Q

___ is defined literally as the study of disease

A

Pathology

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2
Q

Cattle

A

Bovine

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3
Q

Dog

A

Canine

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4
Q

Cat

A

Feline

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5
Q

Horse

A

Equine

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6
Q

Goat

A

Caprine

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7
Q

Red, raised, pruritic lesions, commonly called “hives” are medically termed__.

A

urticaria

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8
Q

Exuberant granulation tissue in a horse is commonly called __.

A

Proud flesh

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9
Q

Any plant infection (e.g., from fungus) of the skin is called ___.

A

dermatophytosis

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10
Q

An animal with __ has many extra toes

A

polydactyly

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11
Q

The study of cells is medically termed __.

A

cytology

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12
Q

A(n) __ injection is one administered into the loose connective tissue beneath the skin.

A

subcutaneous

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13
Q

__ glands are located around the mouths of cats. They secrete pheromones for territorial marking.

A

Circumoral

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14
Q

__ is abnormal hair loss in any amount.

A

Alopecia

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15
Q

The sensation of itching is medically termed ___.

A

pruritus

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16
Q

The __ is the most superficial layer on the skin composed of stratified squamous epithelium

A

epidermis

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17
Q

__ is a process by which cells consume large particles and organisms

A

Phagocytosis

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18
Q

The word part that is considered the foundation of a word is the __.

A

root word

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19
Q

Inflammation of the skin is medically termed __.

A

dermatitis

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20
Q

___ is the balanced, stable state of the body

A

Homeostasis

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21
Q

___ occurs when the muscles attached to the hair follicles contract, causing the hairs to stand upright. In cold environments, this process provides an insulating layer of air trapped in the animal’s coat

A

Piloerection

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22
Q

The three layers of connective tissue enclosing in the central nervous system are known as the:

A

meninges

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23
Q

The __ vertebrae are those found in the neck

A

cervical

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24
Q

A(n) ___ is a cell responsible for breaking down bone, as when remodeling of a callus in a fracture site is required

A

Osteoclast

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25
Q

Which nerve branches off the brachial plexus

A

Radial

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26
Q

The movement of ball and socket joints, like the the hip and shoulder, in which the limb can be drawn fully around is called __.

A

circumduction

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27
Q

The __ joint (or stifle joint) is a joint of the hindlimb formed between the femur and the tibia

A

femorotibial

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28
Q

The function of the iris to regulate the size of the:

A

pupil

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29
Q

The shoulder joint is medically called the __ joint

A

scapulohumeral

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30
Q

The __ is also called the shaft of a long bone

A

diaphysis

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31
Q

Head tilt, incoordination, and nystagmus are all possible symptoms of what?

A

Neurological disease

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32
Q

The act of drawing a limb toward the body is called

A

adduction

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33
Q

Inflammation of a joint is medically termed __.

A

arthritis

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34
Q

___ is inflammation of the inner ear.

A

Otitis

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35
Q

The bones immediately distal to the Tarsus are the __ bones

A

Metatarsal

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36
Q

Atlas and axis are bones located in the ___ spine

A

cervical

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37
Q

A small bump on a bone is generally called a(n) __.

A

tubercle

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38
Q

Which of the following bones are considered part of the appendicular skeleton?

A

scapula

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39
Q

The ___ nervous system is activated during a fear, fight, or flight response

A

Sympathetic

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40
Q

The domed upper section of a turtle shell is called the:

A

carapace

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41
Q

A(n) ___ is a a germinal cell that builds bone.

A

Osteoblast

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42
Q

Myelin is a lipoprotein that insulates:

A

neurons

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43
Q

The function of the ___ is to relay sensory information to the cerebral cortex.

A

thalamus

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44
Q

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for:

A

Increased heart rate after being startled

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45
Q

A(n) __ is a tough, flexible bundle of connective tissue that firmly holds two bones together.

A

Ligament

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46
Q

Which term is given to the bony cavity of the skull that contains the eyeball?

A

orbit

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47
Q

Which segment of the canine spine has the highest number of vertebrae?

A

thoracic

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48
Q

Which structure(s) monitor balance?

A

utricle and saccule

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49
Q

The vertebrae associated with the chest cavity are the ___ vertebrae.

A

thoracic

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50
Q

The long bone of the thigh that articulates with the pelvis is the:

A

femur

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51
Q

The __ is the growth plate of a bone from which the bone grows in length.

A

epiphyseal plate

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52
Q

The __ of a bone is located at the end of a long bone and is covered by articular cartilage

A

epiphysis

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53
Q

Ligaments connect:

A

Bone to bone

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54
Q

Which structures are classified as part of the peripheral nervous system?

A

spinal nerves

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55
Q

The area of the brain that controls balance and coordination is the:

A

cerebellum

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56
Q

__ vertebrae are those found in the tail.

A

Coccygeal

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57
Q

Inadequate blood volume or low hemoglobin concentration result in what color mucous membranes?

A

white

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58
Q

What vessel carries oxygenated blood toward the heart?

A

pulmonary vein

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59
Q

Which muscles are commonly used for intramuscular injections in dogs and cats?

A

Epaxial, quadriceps, triceps

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60
Q

The __ is pacemaker of the cardiac conduction system

A

sinoatrial node

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61
Q

An injection has been administered to a pet in the muscle that lies dorsal to the transverse processes of the vertebrae. Which muscle was injected?

A

epaxial muscle

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62
Q

Which of the following is associated with ventricular systole?

A

QRS complex

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63
Q

Flexes the toes of the paws by reducing angle of interphalangeal joint

A

Digital flexors

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64
Q

Adducts the shoulder joint to pull entire forelimb toward midline of the body

A

Pectorals

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65
Q

Flexes the front leg by decreasing the angle of the elbow joint

A

Biceps brachii

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66
Q

Extends the forelimb by increasing the angle of the elbow joint

A

Triceps

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67
Q

A(n) __ injection is a form of medication administration by which drugs are placed deep within muscle tissue.

A

Intramuscular

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68
Q

Which vein is used to collect a large amount of blood in a short time?

A

Jugular

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69
Q

Which type of tissue is responsible for generating body heat?

A

Muscle

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70
Q

__ is the act of drawing a limb away from the body.

A

Abduction

71
Q

A(n) __ muscle group is one that would outstretch a joint, increasing the angle of the joint

A

Extensor

72
Q

The muscle used for injections that runs on the cranial aspect of the thigh is the:

A

Quadriceps femoris

73
Q

Which muscle extends the hip, flexes the stifle, and extends the hock of canine’s hind limb?

A

semitendinosus

74
Q

__ is the phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart muscle is contracting

A

Systole

75
Q

The muscle that flattens and increases the volume of the lungs is the:

A

diaphragm

76
Q

The absence of any cardiac contraction is medically termed __.

A

asystole

77
Q

What muscle adducts the shoulder joint to pull the forelimb toward the midline of the body?

A

pectorals

78
Q

The medical term for heart muscle is __.

A

Myocardium

79
Q

Structural defects involving heart valves are likely to create an audible turbulence known as a(n):

A

murmur

80
Q

A(n) __ is a diagnostic procedure in which a machine records the electrical activity of the heart.

A

electrocardiogram

81
Q

Disease of the lymph glands, often clinically recognized as an enlargement, is termed __.

A

lymphadenopathy

82
Q

Lymph, when present is tissues, is called

A

interstitial fluid

83
Q

An allergy is also called a(n) __ because of the body’s overreaction to sensitization of various allergens.

A

hypersensitivity

84
Q

The term dyspnea refers to :

A

Labored or difficult breathing

85
Q

Which set of therms only contains lymphatic tissue?

A

Tonsils, thymus, spleen

86
Q

Pulmonary is a term referring to:

A

The lungs

87
Q

Another term for a nosebleed is:

A

Epistaxis

88
Q

The volume of air that is inspired and expired in one respiration is called the:

A

Tidal volume

89
Q

An abnormally shallow respiratory pattern is called:

A

Hypopnea

90
Q

A productive cough is different from an unproductive cough in that a(n):

A

Productive cough brings up phlegm that helps to break up congestion

91
Q

Vaccination is the administration of an antigen to stimulate a protective response against a specific infectious

A

True

92
Q

An insufficient level oxygen in the body is called __.

A

hypoxia

93
Q

A(n) __ reaction is a life-threatening allergic reaction in which all mast cells in the body release histamine

A

anaphylactic

94
Q

Which of the following is collapsed lungs?

A

Atelectasis

95
Q

Which of the following descriptive terms indicate redness?

A

Hyperemic, Eosinophilic, Erythematous

96
Q

__ Pneumonia develops when an animal inspires foreign material into the lungs.

A

Aspiration

97
Q

Resistance or exemption to disease is termed __. This quality is provided through the lymphatic system.

A

immunity

98
Q

A foreign substance or invading organism that stimulates an immune response is known as a(n)

A

antigen

99
Q

__ organisms are disease producers.

A

Pathogenic

100
Q

Which animal regurgitates as a normal part of their digestion process?

A

cow

101
Q

An adult feline has a total of __ teeth.

A

30

102
Q

The __ sphincter is a specialized band of muscle tissue that controls the passage of ingesta from the stomach to the duodenum.

A

pyloric

103
Q

The __ is considered the true stomach of ruminants

A

abomasum

104
Q

__ are animals that eat both meat and vegetation.

A

Omnivores

105
Q

Which animal does NOT have a monogastric stomach?

A

Cow

106
Q

A(n) __ is an animal whose diet consists of plant material.

A

Herbivore

107
Q

The __ is that region where the mouth and throat communicate.

A

Oropharynx

108
Q

The __ is a component of both the respiratory and digestive system.

A

pharynx

109
Q

The __ is a large digestive organ that occupies approximately the cranial third of the abdominal cavity and is responsible for the production of bile and bile salts

A

liver

110
Q

What structure found in both avian and reptilian species acts as a common exit from the body from the urinary, digestive, and reproductive systems?

A

cloaca

111
Q

Lipase, amylase, and trypsin are enzymes produced by the __.

A

pancreas

112
Q

__ means pertaining to the tongue

A

Lingual

113
Q

Inflammation of the mouth is termed __.

A

stomatitis

114
Q

An adult feline has a total of __ canine teeth

A

4

115
Q

Pepsin is a(n) __ enzyme, meaning it breaks down proteins.

A

proteolytic

116
Q

A feline is classified as a(n)

A

carnivore

117
Q

A(n) __ is a drug used to deter vomiting.

A

Antiemetic

118
Q

Enlargement of the liver is called __.

A

hepatomegaly

119
Q

__ disease is a progressive disease of the tissues surrounding the teeth that can be prevented through proper oral hygiene

A

Peridontal

120
Q

A __ structure is one that is found associated with the liver

A

hepatic

121
Q

The rhythmic, worm-like contractions of the digestive tract that propel ingesta through that tract are called ___.

A

peristalsis

122
Q

Difficulty eating is called __

A

dysphagia

123
Q

Forcible expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth is known as:

A

vomiting

124
Q

The medical term that pertains to the time after a meal is __.

A

postprandial

125
Q

Renal conservation of water for the body is controlled by __ hormone

A

Antidiuretic

126
Q

__ is a disease syndrome of the urinary system in which urinary tract stones are formed

A

Urolithiasis

127
Q

The kidneys lie __ in relation to the abdominal cavity

A

retroperitoneal

128
Q

A(n) __ is a surgical procedure in which the urethra is incised, creating a permanent opening.

A

Urethrostomy

129
Q

The __ is the portion of the nephron that is composed of a bundle of capillaries and is responsible for filtering wastes and other components from the blood

A

glomerulus

130
Q

___ is a procedure in which urine is withdrawn via puncture of the bladder using a syringe and needle through the abdominal wall

A

Cystocentesis

131
Q

Production of small amounts of urine is medically termed __.

A

oliguria

132
Q

Frequent urination is medically termed __.

A

pollakiuria

133
Q

A(n) __ sample is a urine sample that is equal in strength (osmotically speaking) to the plasma. Therefore, the urine filtrate has not been concentrated by the kidneys

A

isosthenuric

134
Q

__ is an accumulation of nitrogenous substances in the blood. Animals with this condition may be asymptomatic.

A

Azotemia

135
Q

__ is a condition in which excessive amounts of urine are produced.

A

Polyuria

136
Q

A(n) __ is a surgical procedure in which the bladder is cut open, often for the removal of urinary stones.

A

Cystotomy

137
Q

Bloody urine is medically termed __.

A

hematuria

138
Q

Inflammation of the kidney and its pelvis is medically termed ___.

A

pyelonephritis

139
Q

The ___ is a small tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder

A

ureter

140
Q

Difficulty urinating is medically termed __.

A

dysuria

141
Q

Glucose in the urine is medically termed ___.

A

glycosuria

142
Q

___ is inflammation of one or both kidneys.

A

Nephritis

143
Q

Inflammation of the bladder is called ___.

A

cytitis

144
Q

In a cute renal failure, animals that produced no urine have developed ___

A

anuria

145
Q

The first milk containing maternal antibodies is called ___.

A

colostrum

146
Q

Which gland secretes glucagon and insulin?

A

Pancreas

147
Q

Which organ has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

A

The pancreas

148
Q

The ___ is a strong muscular shincter that separates the uterus from the vagina

A

cervix

149
Q

Animals who experience numerous estrous cycles during a sexual season are termed ___.

A

polyestrous

150
Q

The __ gland, which surrounds the proximal urethra in the male animal, is responsible for secreting a fluid component found in semen.

A

prostate

151
Q

The act of giving birth to kittens is called:

A

gueening

152
Q

The production of sperm is medically termed ___.

A

spermatogenesis

153
Q

Of the following species, which has the shortest gestation period?

A

rabbit

154
Q

An orchiectomy or orchidectomy or ___ is a surgical operation in which the testes are removed from the male animal.

A

castration

155
Q

The reproductive state in which a female animal is carrying young in utero is called __.

A

gestation

156
Q

Which animal has a gestation period of approximately 3months, 3weeks, and 3days?

A

Pig

157
Q

Ovaries contain ___, also known a the egg cells.

A

oocytes

158
Q

A(n) __ female is any female animal that experiences only one estrous cycle during a sexual season.

A

Monestrous

159
Q

__ is the process of difficult birth.

A

Dystocia

160
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands?

A

adrenaline and cortisol

161
Q

Which of the following hormones is NOT released by the pancreas?

A

oxytocin

162
Q

What symptoms are often seen in feline patients with hyperthyroidism?

A

tachycardia and increased appetite

163
Q

The reproductive organ that protects and nourishes the developing fetus is called the:

A

uterus

164
Q

Estrogen is produced in the ___.

A

Ovary

165
Q

The ___ surrounds the fetus while it is in the uterus

A

amniotic sac

166
Q

What’s is the term for the protective outer sheath that covers a male animal’s penis?

A

prepuce

167
Q

Felines are ___ ovulators, meaning ova are released in response to mating.

A

induced

168
Q

A(n) ___ is a surgical procedure in which the ovaries and uterus are removed from the female animal.

A

Ovariohysterectomy

169
Q

Which hormone helps the kidneys regulate blood pressure and water retention in the body?

A

antidiuretic hormone

170
Q

Of the following species, which has the longest gestation period?

A

horse

171
Q

___ is a specialized process of cellular division of sexual cells in which only one half of the original chromosomes of the parent cell are found in the daughter cells.

A

Meiosis

172
Q

The testes are connected to the rest of the body by what structure

A

spermatic cord

173
Q

A condition in which pus accumulates in the uterus is medically termed a(n) ___.

A

pyometra

174
Q

A male animal in which neither of the testes descends into the scrotal sac is called a(n) ___.

A

cryptorchid

vet assis (9 decks)

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