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SDF 2 > Veterinary Drugs > Flashcards

Veterinary Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 classifications of Animals?

A

Companion Animals
Farmed Animals
Exotic Animals

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2
Q

Describe Companion Animals.

A
  • pets
  • Manageable
  • owner willing to treat and pay + undertake medication process
  • high potential for human/veterinary product cross over
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3
Q

Describe Farmed animals.

A
  • hundreds owned per farmer
  • free roaming
  • commercial decision to treat
  • profit/loss calculation defines treatment decision
  • no opportunity for self-medication
  • very costly to treat
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4
Q

Describe Exotic Animals

A
  • very valuable animal
  • often welfare/legal rights issue associated with capture
  • very small patient popn
  • no commercial market
  • limited availability of data for any biopharmaceutical or PK
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5
Q

What are some implications on treatment for Exotic Animals?

A
  • treat due to high cost of animal
  • individual considerations and disease
  • no scope for product development
  • off label use of human or vet meds
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6
Q

How is product design done for Companion and exotic animals?

A
  • expensive
  • utilise human-type delivery systems (topical, oral, solns, capsules, injections)
  • off-label use of existing products is challenging
  • doses should be easily reproducible and divides
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7
Q

What are the 5 key compounding considerations?

A
  • small amount of drug required
  • difficult to source drug
  • flavoured medications
  • Transdermal medication
  • Liquid preparations
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8
Q

What are some common OTC preparations?

A
  • Aspirin or NSAIDs like ibuprofen
  • Paracetamol
  • antihistamines
  • Glucosamine +/- Chondroitin
  • Eye and ear medications
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9
Q

Define Zoonosis

A

a disease of animals transmissible to humans.

Close contacted with infected animal or contaminated ground

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10
Q

Who is at MOST risk for Zoonosis?

A

Young children

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11
Q

What does transmission to man depend on?

A
  • prevalence in animals
  • contamination of environment
  • Contact with infective eggs
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12
Q

Define Toxoplasmosis

A

Infection caused by T Gondii.

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13
Q

How can humans become infected with Toxoplasmosis?

A

through contact with animal faeces or touching/eating raw or uncooked meat

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14
Q

What are the main concerns for Toxoplasmosis infection?

A
  • minor symptoms
  • concern if contracted for first time in pregnant women.

precautions for pregnant women and immunocompromised patient

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15
Q

What is the product design for Farmed Animals?

A
  • novel and inventive to meet demands
  • must be relatively cheap
  • accomodate different animal species
  • flexi tech to achieve delivery
  • challenges the disease
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16
Q

Describe Intraruminal design

A
  • administered orally = balling gun or equivalent
  • host insensitive to presence of delivery technologies
  • present in fistulated cows
17
Q

What are some methods to avoid regurgitation?

A
  • high density
  • expansion of product
18
Q

What are the 4 different intraruminal boluses?

A
  • erodible systems
  • reservoir systems
  • osmotic systems
  • dispersed matrix system
19
Q

Describe retention via density.

A
  • heavy density
  • gravity overcomes regurgitation
  • sits at bottom of reticulum
  • may have fixed orientation
  • may not move or be subjected to digesta flow
20
Q

Describe Retention via expansion.

A
  • Variable geometry
  • sensed to be too large to regurgitate
  • continuously moves in space and orientation
  • digesta flows all around device
21
Q

What is the Erodible Systems

A

It dissolves or abrade due to solution or mechanical action or rumen.

  • can be short or long duration
  • with a wide therapeutic indices best
22
Q

What materials can coat the erodible system?

A

Wax, PEG, iron powder or barium sulfate as coating.

23
Q

Describe Reservoir system

A
  • solid drug particles that are uniformly dispersed with non-biodegradable polymer matrix
24
Q

Describe the physical make up of reservoir system.

A

Large sheet rolled up to form cylinder constrained by tape with water sensitive adhesive

25
Q

What helps prevent regurgitation in Reservoir system?

A

unrolled device has dimensions greater than oesophageal channel

SDF 2 (3 decks)

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