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Level 3 Variations In HEALTH MIDTERM > VH Level 4 Final Exam Review > Flashcards

VH Level 4 Final Exam Review Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

What is shock

A

inadequate tissue perfusion resulting in inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients as well as inadequate removal of waste products from the body’s tissues

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2
Q

What are the types of shock

A

Septic
Cardiogenic
Hypovolemic
Anaphylactic
Neurogenic

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3
Q

Stages of shock

A

1) Compensatory
2) Progressive
3) irreversible

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4
Q

What can build up due to anaerobic metabolosm

A

Lactic acid

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5
Q

Anaerobic

A

Not requiring oxygen

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6
Q

Aerobic

A

Requiring oxygen

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7
Q

What is the minimum amount of urine output

A

30mL/hr

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8
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Too much calcium in the blood

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9
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Too little calcium in the blood

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10
Q

IDDM

A

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
Type 1 diabetes
autoimmune disease (genetic)

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11
Q

S&S of a CVA

A

Think: FAST
FACE - Sudden weakness or numbness to one side of the body or face
ARMS - raise arms - does one drop down?
SPEECH -slurred words or loss of speech
TIME - call 911

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12
Q

Compartment syndrome S&S

A

-No pulse thready pulse
-Swelling
-parathesis
-decrease circulation cool to touch decreased sensation numbness - cwms color warmth sensation movement
-Five p’s

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13
Q

GERD S&S

A

(gastroesophageal reflux disease)
Burning sensation in chest after eating that worsens when lying down
Backwash of food or sour liquid
Upper abdominal or chest pain
Dysphasia(trouble swallowing)
Lump in the throat sensation

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14
Q

Tachycardia

A

A faster racing heartbeat

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15
Q

Tachypnea

A

Abnormally fast breathing

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16
Q

Oliguria

A

less urination than normal

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17
Q

Acidosis

A

A distinctly abnormal condition resulting from the depletion of alkaline reserves in the body

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18
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

a serious allergic reaction that affects a number of different areas of the body at one time can be fatal

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19
Q

Cardiogenic

A

Shock due to low blood output by the heart often seen in conjunction with heart failure

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20
Q

Cyanosis

A

A term for a bluish color of the skin and the mucous membrane due to an insufficient level of oxygen in the blood

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21
Q

Hypovolemic

A

Shock due to a decrease in blood volume from bleeding loss of plasma through severe burns or dehydration

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22
Q

Perfusion

A

A flow of blood or other perfusate fluid per unit volume of tissue

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23
Q

Sepsis

A

A potentially deadly infection

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24
Q

Toxemia

A

When bacteria/ endotoxins from bowel are absorbed into circulation

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25
Pericardial tamponade
Large amount of fluid inside the pericardial sac
26
Tension pneumothorax
The accumulation of air under pressure in the pleural space
27
Acute pulmonary hypertension
A condition where high blood pressure affects arteries of the lungs and right side of the heart results in chest pain and shortness of breath maybe dangerous or life threatening
28
Urticarial
Raised itchy area of skin that is usually a sign of an allergic reaction
29
Pruritus
Medical term for itchy skin
30
Angioedema
Similar to urticaria but affects the deeper skin layers
31
Type of shock that leads to infection
Septic shock
32
Septic shock
Caused by overwhelming infection usually by bacteria
33
Cardiogenic shock
Meaning problems associated with the heart's functioning
34
Hypovolemic shock
The total volume of blood available to circulate the body is decreased
35
Anaphylactic shock
Caused by an overwhelming allergic reaction usually caused by a systemic response
36
Neurogenic shock
Damage to the nervous system due to a spinal cord injury the most common cause
37
Type of shock that targets heart issues
Cardiogenic shock
38
Type of shock that affects blood volume and blood circulation
Hypovolemic shock
39
Type of shock that involves damage to the nervous system and spinal cord injury
Neurogenic shock
40
Common causes of neurogenic shock
Spinal cord injuries
41
Causes of fluid loss
Hemorrhage vomiting diarrhea use of diuretics sweating (dehydration)
42
Causes of fluid gain
CHF fluid overload (IV fluids) increase sodium intake cirrhosis of liver renal failure (CKD, AKI)
43
Is religion a component of culture? Y/N
44
State 5 things you know about shock
1) All systems are affected 2) is life threatening; risk for circulatory collapse and death 3) requires rapid, comprehensive intervention 4)may develop rapidly or slowly depending on the underlying cause 5) any insult to the body can create a cascade of events resulting in poor tissue perfusion
45
Blood pressure and tissue perfusion is maintained by what three mechanisms
Adequate blood volume effective cardiac pump effective blood vessels
46
The body is able to compensate for the failure of ______ of these mechanisms.
One
47
Less common causes of neurogenic shock
Autonomic nervous system toxins Guillan Barre syndrome spinal anesthesia transverse myelitis
48
What is typically given to treat shingles signs and symptoms
Antivirals -->ivir
49
What occurs in the compensatory stage of shock
Fight or flight BP with a normal range cold and clammy skin increased heart rate -->vasoconstriction body starts to shunt blood from some organs to vital organs -->heart, lungs, brain
50
What occurs during the Progressive stage of shock
BP drops hypoperfusion anaerobic mechanisms heart is overworked
51
What occurs during the irreversible stage of shock
BP remains low irreversible organ damage -->liver and kidneys first to go tissues and body become a necrotic--> toxin buildup Lactic acid buildup due to anaerobic metabolism Death
52
_____ and ______ are released from the Adrenal medulla, causing the heart to beat faster and stronger
Epinephrine ; norepinephrine
53
What three things raise blood glucose levels to supply cells with fuel in the body
Epinephrine cortisol glucagon
54
What system when stimulated causes vasoconstriction and sodium and water retention which decreases further fluid loss
The renin Angiotensin aldosterone system
55
Inadequate blood flow causes oxygen deprivation in tissues cellular metabolism shifts from ____ to ____ in an effort to continue to receive nutrients and energy
Aerobic ; Anaerobic
56
What bed positioning is used to get blood pressure up
Trendelenburg
57
Why do student nursing students study cultural assessments
Allows nurses to adapt care to the patient's cultural needs and preferences -nurses who assess their patients cultural beliefs values and practices are better able to individualize care and Achieve positive outcomes - cultural assessment and cultural orientation orientated care enable the nurse to identify ways with which the client's culture and its features impact on their perceptions, beliefs, values, experiences, with health, wellness, illness, suffering, and even death
58
Ethnocentrism
The practice where we tend to believe their own culture ethnic group race or Superior to others
59
Brain cells die within _____minutes from lack of oxygen and glucose.
4 minutes
60
Signs and symptoms of IDDM
-more thirsty than usual -urinating a lot -very hungry - losing weight without trying -irritable or having other mood changes -tired
61
Signs and symptoms of AKI
Oliguria weight gain anorexia edema in the lower extremities lung cracks irregular heartbeat decreased urine output thirst confusion nausea + vomiting
62
Signs and symptoms of BPH
(enlarged prostate- benign prostate hyoerplasia) Frequent urge to urinate Peeing more at night Weak urine stream Dribbling at the end of urination Not able to fully empty bladder
63
Signs and symptoms of CHF
SOB Fatigue +weakness Swelling Weight gain Nausea Reduces ability to exercise Difficulty sleeping while lying flat
64
Ketoacidosis
When you have diabetes and don't get enough insulin and get dehydrated your body burns fat instead of carbs as fuel that makes ketones lots of ketones in your blood turn it acidic. people who drink a lot of alcohol for a long time and don't eat enough also build up ketones it can happen when you aren't eating at all too
65
What are the levels of ketoacidosis
Blood sugar levels are higher than 300mg/dL or 16.7 mmol/L
66
Metabolic acidosis treatment
Detoxification if you have drug or alcohol poisoning insulin if you have dka IV fluids given by needle through a vein in your arm sodium bicarbonate by IV or you might have to go to the hospital
67
What are the normal levels of metabolic acidosis
PH under 7.35 (acidic)
68
Atelectasis
Collapse of the alveoli that prevents normal gas exchange between carbon dioxide and oxygen
69
Hyperventilation
A state of ventilation in EXCESS of that required to eliminate the normal venous carbon dioxide produced by cellular metabolism
70
Hypoventilation
When alveolar ventilation is inadequate to meet the body's oxygen demands or to eliminate sufficient carbon dioxide
71
______ is usually the first sign of shock
Tachycardia
72
ARDS
Acute respiratory distress syndrome Respiratory failure despite high levels of supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation
73
DIC
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Occurs as a cause or complication of shock Widespread clotting and bleeding Bruises (ecchymosis) and bleeding (petechiae) may appear in the skin
74
MODS
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome Major cause of death following shock - failure of one organ increases the rate of failure of another -begins with respiratory then kidneys hurt liver and finally cerebral and Gi
75
Shock is classified by what 4 cardiovascular characteristics
Hypovolemic cardiogenic obstructive extracardiac distributive

Level 3 Variations In HEALTH MIDTERM (3 decks)

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