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RYA Marine Radio (SRC) Course > VHF HANDBOOK > Flashcards

VHF HANDBOOK Flashcards

1
Q

Who would you contact using DSC (digital select calling)

A

Individuals, groups or all stations

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2
Q

What are the basic differences between MF HF and VHF

A

HF can bounce of the ironosphere ,Travel globally

MF can follow the curvature of the earth, travel hundreds of miles

VHF travels in straight lines (lines of sight) travel tens of miles depending on height of sending and receiving antennas

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3
Q

What the channels allowed for on board communications

A

15 and 17

Low power only (1w)

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4
Q

If you want to repeat a sentence name or number what would you say

If you want them to repeat a message what would you say

A

I say again

Say again

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5
Q

Hand held radio specifications

A

Smaller than a fix radio usually run of a rechargeable battery
With a short stubby antenna

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6
Q

Whilst there is a distress call going on what must you do

A

Maintain radio silence

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7
Q

How long would you push the emergency /distress button for

A

5 seconds or just a push then select what the emergency is (ie sinking) then push for 5 seconds to send. depending on type of radio

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8
Q

How could the coastguard announce that radio seelonce is over

A

Seelonce feenee

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9
Q

If you heard a distress massage what would you do

A

Wait five minutes if you don’t hear a reply from the coastguard reply your self then try to rely the message on to the coastguard

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10
Q

What decibel antenna is best for cannoo
A yacht
And a motor boat

A

Canoe 1.5db
A yacht 3db
Large ship 6db

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11
Q

What is the difference between simplex and duplex channels

Example channel 80

A

Simplex only one person can talk at a time
Duplex uses two channels so both can talk and hear (ie link calls)

Channel 80 coast station (marina) is a duplex channel but as we only have one antenna it’s exactly like using a simplex channel

If you call a UK marina with a “USA radio” the marina will hear you but you won’t hear them reply as in the USA Channel 80 is a simplex channel

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12
Q

After sending a DSC mayday what would you do next

A

Go to channel 16 to give a voice mayday call

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13
Q

Basics of marine VHF antennas

A

Vertical is best as the power comes out of the sides (so it concentrates more on the horizon)
Slightly shorter than half the VHF radio wave so about 93

3dbi is best for sailing yachts as it gives twice as much power towards the horizon and is tolerant of heel and pitch

6dbi gives twice as much power towards the horizon as a 3db antenna but power drops off if its tilted so recommended for motorboats (only if it can be mounted upright)

A 1.5dBi antenna is not badly effected by being used at an angle so is used for portable radios

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14
Q

What two UK government body’s are concerned with marine VHF

And fines

A

Ofcome office of communications technical issues and radio regulations ie is a radio licensed

MCA. Maritime coastguard agency deals with matters regarding SOLAS (has the vessel got the right equipment and is the operator appropriately qualified)

Fines up to £5000 up to 6 months prison and loss of equipment

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15
Q

What is modulation

A

Simplest form switching on and off (morse code)

More sophisticated form = the physical vibration of air converted by microphone into electricity

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16
Q

What’s the maximum time (apart from distress and safety calls) should you use channel 16

A

1 minuet

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17
Q

What’s the first thing you would do before making a call

A

Listen to check we are not interrupting an other call first

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18
Q

What sort of radio check “replies” could you give

A

Loud and clear
Broken
Weak
Distorted

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19
Q

If you buy a new VHF radio what’s the first thing you should check in the settings

A

That it is set to INTERNATIONAL not USA

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20
Q

What’s the four main groups types of messages that can sent by VHF

A
  1. Distress,Urgency,Safety
  2. Routine
  3. Public correspondence, or link calls
  4. On board communications
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21
Q

What channel is used for small craft safety

A

67

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22
Q

What type of radio is related to a MMSI with starting with 2359

A

A UK Hand held

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23
Q

What would a Group of boats MMSI start with

A

A single 0

Example = 023200345

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24
Q

Power of VHF radios

A 
1w = low 5 to 10 miles (should use if poss)
25w = high 60miles or more

Portable radios 1w and 3w or 6w

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25
Q

If you hear a call and are not sure it’s for you what would you do

A

Don’t answer it (in case you interfere with someone else’s call)
If it is for you the station will try again

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26
Q

What is the channel for port operations

And could you use this to talk to another ship

A

Channel 12 is port operations and it would be dangerous and illegal to use for chat

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27
Q

How would the coastguard no he is being called by a portable radio

A

The callsign would be T then just numbers

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28
Q

Under uk law what does voluntary fit mean

A

Owners have “chosen” to conform to the codes of practice for small commercial craft

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29
Q

What must you remember when calling the coastguard on the Solent

A

Normally you would use channel 16 to call the coastguard but on the Solent you use channel 67

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30
Q

Radio frequency basics

VHF AND UHF

A

VHF and UHF

not good at bending over hills or over the horizon nor are they bounced back by the ionosphere so used for local broadcasting tv and communications

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31
Q

Recharging battery’s

A

Recharge NiCads only when flat
Top up rechargeables whenever you can
Don’t over charge rechargeables (particularly Lithium Lon)
Don’t recharge alkalines or Lithium’s

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32
Q

How would you call a emergency

A

Mayday mayday mayday this is redwing redwing redwing
Give call sign MMSI / mayday redwing give call sign and MMSI again/Give position / say what the problem is \ you need immediate assistance/how many on board/ describe boat length colour /Over

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33
Q

How do you determine the antenna’s VHF horizon (in miles)

A

Approximately 3x the square root of its height in metres

Two radios will be in range when their horizons overlap

34
Q

Who would have a MMSI starting with 00

A

Coastguard

35
Q

If you ask someone to wait what els should you do

A

Tell them how long they may expect to wait

36
Q

What are the Types of stations that use Marine VHF

A 
Ship stations (any type of vessel) 
Coast stations
Rescue coordination organisations 
Pilot, VTS and port stations harbour masters and marinas, yacht clubs
Aircraft stations
37
Q

Battery lead acid

A

Lead acid - heavy and bulky but fully rechargeable (standard use on boats for starting and domestic)

Heavy duty car battery’s deteriorate when discharged by 30%
Deep cycle battery’s don’t but don’t provide such large currents (for starting)

Acid gel battery’s are less susceptible to spills but reduced ability to produce high currents or rapid charging

               “Leisure battery’s are a good compromise”
38
Q

If somebody’s calling you (redwing) and can’t make out their name
or call sigh how would you reply

A

Station calling redwing this is redwing over

39
Q

What channel would you use for uk marina

A

Channel 80
Semi duplex channel so listen first a little longer as you only hear one way conversation between the marina and another ship station
(you use normally as simplex channel) but others will only hear one way

40
Q

How long after calling would you wait for reply before calling again
And how many times before giving up
When can you start again

A

2 minutes
3 times before giving up
Wait at least 3 mins before starting again

41
Q

Battery’s Lithium lon

A

Rechargeable (Expensive)

Store more power but susceptible to over charging

42
Q

What frequency do marine VHF Radios use

A

156.00MHz to 162.025MHz

43
Q

When would you use a pan-pan call

A

Urgent Safety but not in immediate danger

44
Q

If your going to spell something what would you say

A

I spell

(then use the phonetic alphabet)

45
Q

What UK private channel is allocated to marinas and yacht clubs

A

37 also known in the UK as channel M

46
Q

Are you allowed to communicate with a private radio base from shore

A

No
(Must be a licensed coast station)
No telling the wife to put the kettle on on the Spair radio in the house

47
Q

Are Link calls still operating in the uk (calls from VHF Via coast station to telephone network)

A

No

48
Q

If you require part of a message repeating what would you say

A

All before

or all after

49
Q

If you want them to repeat a message back (to confirm they heard you) what would you say

A

Read back

50
Q

Can you transmit in duel watch mode

A

No not normally though some can check instructions

51
Q

What two licenses do you require to have a radio on board

Portable radio basics

A

A ship radio licence = covers all radios onboard issued by ofcom valid 10 years must be carried on board you get a callsign and a MMSI number

An Authority to operate = SRC COMPETENCE passed covers VHF and radiotelephony
LRC Passed covers VHF,HF,MF and radiotelephony and satellite communications

A Portable ship radio licence = licensee can have available for use 1 VHF portable maritime radio also 1 PLB / and or 1 EPIRB
A Portable license is issued to a person not the ship and can be used on multiple vessels

52
Q

Who must approve the radio type equipment

A

MED OR RED

MED = marine equipment directive 
RED = radio equipment directive

The general principle that the radio equipment dose its job without being dangerous or causing unnecessary interference

Declaration of conformity to be issued by the manufacturer with CE label

53
Q

When would you use your radio on high setting (25w)

A

After you have tried low setting (1w)

So you don’t interfere with other peoples transmissions

54
Q

Battery lithium

A

Lithium = not rechargeable but have a long shelf life so ideal for emergency equipment as EPRIRBs
(like alkaline produce 1.5v per cell)

55
Q

Why is channel 70 the odd one out

A

Channel 70 is used for the transmission of digital data in connection with DSC (Digital select calling)
All the others are used for radiotelephony.
70 must never be used for voice transmissions

56
Q

If you are going to contact someone close to your boat what power would you use

A

Set radio to low (1 Watt)

57
Q

Why is channel 16 significant

And it’s connection with channels 75 and 76

A

Channel 16 is designated as the distress,safety and calling channel

75 and 76 are the closest to it and only allowed 1w power and are only available for port operations and onboard communications

58
Q

What is the squelch noise from the radio

A

Weak signals, static , atmospheric noise

Turning the squelch up will eliminate unwanted noise

59
Q

Battery Alkaline

A

Alkaline = not normally rechargeable (Duracell) 1.5v per cell

60
Q

If someone says there is traffic what does this mean

A

Line is being used (Talking on it)

61
Q

What would UK ship radio MMSI’s start with

A

232,233,234 or 235

62
Q

If a message is repeated back incorrectly what would you say

And if it was correct

A

Wrong

Correct

63
Q

What channels are reserved for port operations

A

11, 12 and 14

64
Q

Battery’s NiCad

A

NiCad can withstand thousands of charge/discharges but loose charge over time and due to recharging when not fully discharged (suffer from memory effect) lower voltage than alkaline so not all equipment is compatible them

65
Q

If you received a distress emergency alarm on a hand held how would stop the noise

A

Push enter

66
Q

What are the types of communication in the maritime mobile service

A

Distress,urgency,and safety communications
SAR(search and rescue)communication
Public correspondence
Port operations and ship movement services
Intership communications
On board communications

67
Q

How can MMSI numbers be entered

A

From a directory or manually

68
Q

Battery’s NiMH

A

Nickel Metal Hydride

Rechargeable and higher capacity than NiCad and suffer less from memory effect
but also low voltage and incline to discharge when not in use

69
Q

What does the MMSI number for a group of boats start with

A

0

70
Q

What does the MMSI number start with for coast stations

A

00

71
Q

What does uk hand held radios with DSC MMSI numbers start with

A

2359

72
Q

How are radio communications categorised

A 
By their content 
Routine 
Safety
Urgent 
Distress
73
Q

What is unique to each vessel

A

Call signs and MMSI numbers

74
Q

What ship to ship stations could you transfer to after initial coms on channel 16

A

6
8
72
77

75
Q

What channels are used for
maritime safety information (UK)

(These are duplex channels)

A

62
63
64

76
Q

Radio frequency basics

VLF AND LF

A

VLF AND LF

Are better for long distance broadcasting as they are more susceptible to diffraction and refraction (such as and water)

77
Q

Radio frequency basics

MF

A

MF
Less good at diffraction so used for medium range as aeronautical radio beacons,regional broadcasting and medium range communications

78
Q

Radio frequency basics

HF

A

HF
Not good at bending over the atmosphere but
Reflect of the ionosphere and bouncing back to ground level

So better for world wide broadcasting and communications

79
Q

What is private channel 0 used for

A

UK Search and rescue services

80
Q

Who do you register a EPIRB with

A

MCA = marine coastguard agency

RYA Marine Radio (SRC) Course (3 decks)

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