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Flashcards in Viamins Deck (17)
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0
Q

Thiamin B1

A

Part of coenzyme thiamin pyrophosphate, assists in energy metabolism
Beriberi disease. Damage to NS, heart and muscle
Broccoli, carrot, milk and banana

1
Q

How to vitamins differ from the energy yielding nutrients?

A
  1. Structure
    Not linked together in a chain like proteins and carbohydrates
  2. Function
    Don’t yield energy when broken down
    Assist enzymes in the break down of CHOs, FA and proteins
    Shield body from oxidative stress
  3. Contents
    Found in smaller anoints and required in low amounts
    (ug or mg rather than g)
2
Q

Riboflavin B2

A

Coenzyme in energy metabolism, flavin adenosine dinucleotide proton acceptor
Ariboflavinosis, membrane inflammation, mouth, skin, eyes, GI tract, skin lesions covered in greasy scales
Milk, whole grains and cereals

3
Q

Niacin B3

A

Coenzyme NAD and NADP
Pallagra, dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia, death
Mushrooms, potatoes, tomatoes

4
Q

Pentothenic Acid

A

Coenzyme A in acetyl CoA formation
Body system failure, fatigue, GI upset
Beef, poultry, whole grains

5
Q

Vitamin B6

A

Forms part of coenzyme active in amino acid metabolism
Depression and confusion
Meat, fish, potatoes

6
Q

Biotin

A

Coenzyme that carries CO2 in glycogen and fat synthesis, amino acid metabolism
Hair loss, skin rash, neurological impairment
Egg yolk, chicken, carrots

7
Q

Vitamin B12

A

Activates folate and is involved in DNA and RNA synthesis
Atrophic gastritis, stomach cell,damage, abnormal and immature RBC
Meat, milk and eggs

8
Q

Folate

A

Coenzyme tetrahydrofolate aids in DNA synthesis
Neural tube defects, spinal cold defects, anaemia, GI stress
Legumes, fruit, vegetables, fortified bread

9
Q

Vitamin C

A

Antioxidant, neutralises free radicals, cofactors in collagen formation
Scurvy
Citrus and broccoli

10
Q

Vitamin A

A

Vision, maintenance of the cornea, bone and tooth growth, hormone synthesis and regulation
Anaemia, diarrhoea, general discomfort, corneal degeneration
Spinach, carrots, pumpkin, mangoes

11
Q

Vitamin D

A

Acts like a hormone in the body and plays a role in bone growth
Rickets- inadequate calcification of bones, osteomalacia, soft, flexible, brittle bones.
Fortified milk, egg, liver, fatty fish

12
Q

Vitamin E

A

Acts as antioxidant to stop action of free radical. Protects polyunsaturated FA and vitamin A
Loss of muscle coordination, nerve damage and breaking of RBC
Leafy green vegetables, liver, nuts and seeds
Toxic: rare, can interfere with anti clotting medication

13
Q

Vitamin K

A

Blood clotting, synthesis of bone proteins
Half needs met through action of intestinal bacteria, liver, milk, leafy greens
Deficiencies rare, haemorrhaging

14
Q

Toxicity of water soluble vitamins

A

Niacin diarrhoea, heartburn, nausea, ulcer irritation
Vitamin B6 depression, fatigue, head ache
Vitamin C nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhoea

15
Q

Relationship between Tryptophan and Niacin

A

Tryptophan can be converted to Niacin. 60mg tryptophan = 1mg Niacin

16
Q

Relationship between folate and Vitamin B12

A

Each is dependant on the other for activation. Vitamin B12 removes a methyl group from folate and this activates both