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Viceroys of India Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Governor-General

A

The Governors-General were originally the head of the British
administration in India during Colonial rule.
The Regulating Act of 1773 created the office with the title of GovernorGeneral of the Presidency of Fort William, or Governor-General of Bengal to be
appointed by the Court of Directors of the East India Company (EIC).

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2
Q

Governor-General to Viceroy

A

The Government of India Act 1858 created the office of Secretary of State for
India in 1858 to oversee the affairs of India,
• Following the adoption of the Government of India Act of 1858, the GovernorGeneral as representing the Crown became known as the Viceroy.
• From the year 1858 onwards, the appointments of Governor-General of India
were made by British Crown at the advice of Secretary of State for India.

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3
Q

Warren Hastings Tenure

A

1774 - 1785

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4
Q

Warren Hastings imp events

A 
- Regulating Act of 1773 was introduced which
brought
the dual government of Bengal to an end
- Supreme Council Of Bengal
- Asiatic Society of Bengal
- Stopped Mughal pension to Shah Alam II
- Stopped Diarchy in Bengal
- New Sanskrit School by Jonathan Deccan
- Moved Treasury from Murshidabad to Calcutta
- Bengal Gazette- First Indian newspaper published
- First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–82)
- Second Anglo-Mysore war (1780–84)
- First Rohilla War of 1773–1774
- Second Rohilla War 1779
- Experimentation on land settlements.
(1772-five years settlement, changed to 1 year in
1776)
- English Translation of Bhagwat Gita
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5
Q

Lord Cornwallis Tenure

A

1786 - 1793

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6
Q

Lord Cornwallis Notable Events

A
  • Established lower courts and appellate courts
  • Permanent Settlement in Bihar and Bengal in
    1793. It was
    an agreement between East India Company and
    Bengali landlords to fix revenues to be raised from the land.
  • 3rd Mysore war
  • Introduction of Cornwallis Code
  • Introduction of Civil Services in India
  • He introduced Police reforms according to which
    each district was
    divided into 400 square miles and placed under a
    police superintendent.
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7
Q

Lord Wellesley Tenure

A

1798 - 1805

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8
Q

Lord Wellesley Notable Events

A
  • Introduction of Subsidiary Alliance – a system to
    keep the Indian rulers
    under control and to make British the supreme
    power
  • Fourth Anglo Mysore War 1799
  • Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-05)
  • He opened College to train the Company’s
    servants in Calcutta.
    So, known as the Father of Civil Services in India.
  • Fort William College at Calcutta
  • Formation of Madras Presidency in 1801
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9
Q

Sir George Barlow 1805 - 1807

A
  • Sepoy Mutiny at Vellore in which the Indian
    soldiers
    killed many English officials
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10
Q

Lord Minto I

1807 - 1813

A
  • Charter act of 1813

- Treaty of Amritsar, 1809 with Ranjit Singh

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11
Q

John Shore 1793 - 1798

A
  • Policy of Non-intervention
  • Battle of Kharda between Nizam and Marathas
    (1795)
  • Charter Act of 1793
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12
Q

Lord Hastings

1813 - 1823

A

Ended the policy of Non-intervention which was
followed by Sir John Shore
- Third Anglo-Maratha War (1816-1818)
- 1816, Treaty of Sagauli with Nepal
- Creation of Bombay Presidency in 1818
- Establishment of Ryotwari System in Madras and
- Mahalwari System in Central India, Punjab And
Western UP
- He abolished the censorship of the press.

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13
Q

Lord Adam 1823 - 1823 -

A

Licensing Regulations

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14
Q

Lord Amherst 1823 - 1828

A
  • First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–26)
  • Treaty of Yandabo, 1826
  • Mutiny of Barrackpur (1824)
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15
Q

Lord William
Bentinck
1828 - 1835

A
  • First Governor General of India and was known as
    the
    liberal Governor General
  • Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829
    Charter Act, 1833
  • Saint Helena Act 1833
  • English Education Act 1835
  • Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata
  • He carried out social reforms such as the abolition
    of Sati Pratha
    with the help of Rajaram Mohan Roy, Suppression
    of Thuggee.
  • He made English as the language of higher
    education
  • He also suppressed female infanticide and child
    sacrifice
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16
Q

Sir Charles Metcaffe 1835 - 1836

A
  • Repealed 1823 Licensing Regulations
  • He held the post temporarily and removed the
    restriction on the Vernacular press.
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17
Q

Lord Auckland 1836 - 1842 -

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A
  • First Afghan War was fought in his reign.
18
Q

Lord Ellen borough 1842 - 1844

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A
  • Successfully completed Afghan war and annexed
    Sindh
    province for British in 1843
  • Became first Governor General of India to be
    recalled for
    defying the orders of the Court of Directors of East
    India Company.
  • War with Gwalior (1843) occurred during his
    tenure.
19
Q

Lord Hardinge 1844 - 1848

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A
  • The First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–46)
  • The Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–49)
  • Treaty of Lahore
20
Q

Lord Dalhousie 1848 - 1856

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A

Doctrine of Lapse
- Widow remarriage bill was passed
- Charles Wood Despatch which provided the
proper system
of education from School to University
- Second Anglo-Burmese War (1852)
- First Railway line connecting Bombay and Thane
- First Telegraph Line was laid between Diamond
Harbour to Calcutta
- Post Office Act, 1854
- Established Public Works Department
- Engineering College was established at Roorkee
- He made Shimla the summer capital

21
Q

Lord Canning 1856 - 1862

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A
  • First Viceroy of India
  • University of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras were
    set up in 1858
  • Withdrew Doctrine of Lapse
  • The revolt of 1857
  • Hindu widow remarriage act 1856
  • The Government of India Act, 1858
  • Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act, 1856
  • Indian council act was passed in 1861
22
Q

Lord Elgin 1862 - 1863

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A

Wahabi movement occurred during his tenure and

get suppressed

23
Q

Lord Lawrence 1864 - 1869

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A
  • Bhutan War
  • Establishment of Shimla as India’s summer
    capital in 1863
  • High Court was established at Calcutta, Bombay,
    and Madras in 1865
  • He created Indian Forest Department
  • Opened telegraph line with Europe.
  • He introduced various reforms and became the
    member of Punjab
    Board of Administration after the second Sikh war.
  • He was known as the Savior of Punjab.
24
Q

Lord Mayo

1869 - 1872

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A
  • Started financial decentralization in India
  • He established Rajkot College in Kathiawar and
    Mayo College
    in Ajmer for the Indian princess.
  • First Census of India was held during his time in
    1871.
  • He organized the Statistical survey of India.
  • He was the only Viceroy who was murdered in office
    by a Pathan in Andaman in 1872.
25
Lord Northbrook 1872 - 1876
- Visit of Prince of Wales in 1875 occurred - Trial of Gaelcwar of Baroda occurred - Kuka movement in Punjab occurred during his tenure.
26
Lord Lytton 1876 - 1880
Second Anglo-Afghan War - The Indians Act (1878) - The Delhi Durbar was held on January 1 1877, to decorate Queen Victoria with the title of Kaiser-i-hind. - Statutory Civil Service in 1879. It was also laid down that the candidates had to appear and pass the civil services examination which began to be held in England. The maximum age for these candidates was reduced from 21 to 19 years. - Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1878.
27
Lord Ripon 1880 - 1884
- First Factory Act (1881), it prohibited the child labour - Repeal of the Vernacular Press Act (1882) Ilbert Bill (1883) - Age for the entry in Civil Service exam was raised to 21 years. - Passed Local Self Government act in 1882 - He was also known as the father of Local Self Government in India
28
Lord Dufferin 1884 - 1888
- Formation of Indian National Congress | - Third Anglo-Burmese War
29
Lord Lansdowne 1888 - 1894
- Indian Council Act was passed in 1892.Second Factory Act (1891) was passed during his time. - He appointed Durand Commission to define a line between British India and Afghanistan.
30
Lord Elgin II 1894 - 1899
Two British officials assassinated by Chapekar brothers (1897) during his tenure.
31
Lord Curzon 1899 - 1905
Partition of Bengal (1905) into two provincesBengal and East Bengal was done during his time. - Passed the Ancient Monuments Act (1904), to restore India’s cultural heritage. Thus, established Archeological Survey of India. - Swadeshi movement was launched
32
Lord Minto 1905 - 1910
Morley-Minto reform was passed in 1909 - Popularization of Anti-partition and Swadeshi movements - Split in Congress in the annual session of 1907 in Surat occurred. - Establishment of Muslim League by Aga Khan (1906).
33
Lord Hardinge 1910 - 1916
Kind George V of England attended the Delhi Durbar in 1911 - Partition of Bengal was cancelled and capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911. - Gandhiji returned to India from South Africa in 1915 - Home Rule moment was launched by Annie Beasant
34
Lord Chelmsford 1916 - 1921
- August Declaration of 1917, after which the control over the Indian Government would be transferred to Indian people. - Rowlett Act 1919 was passed - Montague-Chelmsford reform was passed - Government of India Act 1919 was passed - Jallianwala Bagh Massacre 1919 took place during his time - Non- Cooperation and Khilafat movement took place - Women’s University was founded at Poona in 1919
35
Lord Reading 1921 - 1926
Suppressed of non-cooperation movement - Chauri – Chaura incident took place - Formation of Swaraj party - Ahmedabad session of INS held in 1921. - Rowlatt Act was repealed
36
Lord Irwin 1926 - 1931
Simon commission visited India in 1928 - Dandi March was held in 1930 - Civil Disobedience movement launched in 1930 - Gandhi- Irwin pact was signed and First Round Table Conference was held in 1931.
37
Lord Willington 1931 - 1936
- Poona Pact was signed - Second and Third Round Table Conference was held during his time - Communal Award started by British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald - The government of India Act (1935) was passed.
38
Lord Linlithgow 1936 - 1943
- Government of India Act enforced in provinces - Cripps Mission visited India in 1942 - Quit India movement was started in 1942 - Second World war took place in 1939
39
Lord Wavell 1943 - 1947
- Shimla Conference was held on June 25, 1945 between Muslim League and Indian National Congress was failed - Cabinet Mission Plan was launched in 1946. - On December 09, 1946; first meeting of Constituent Assembly was held.
40
Lord Mountbatten 1947 - 1948
Last Viceroy and first Governor General of free India - Partition of India was done on June 3, 1947 - India Independent Act was passed on July 4, 1947 by British Parliament. As per the Act India became independent on August 15, 1947. - He was succeeded by C. Rajagopalachari, who was the last Governor General of free India.
41
first and only indian Governor General
C. Rajagopalachari became the only Indian Governor-General.

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