Victorian Period Flashcards
(500 cards)
1
Q
What did the charities organization do in 1838 regarding the problems?
A
In 1838 the organization drew up a “peoples charter” advocating the extension of the right to vote the use of secret balloting and other legislative reforms.
2
Q
What was the most striking key remedy put forward?
A
One of the most striking remedies was put forward by the Chartists, a large organization of workers.
3
Q
For 10 years the chartist leaders engaged in agitation to have their program adopted by…..
A
Parliament
4
Q
Where were these charters very speeches delivered to people and what were they
A
Their theories speeches was delivered and conventions designed to collect signature for petitions to Parliament
5
Q
What was the result of Chartists’ fiery speeches?
A
Their fiery is speeches created fears of revolution
6
Q
Who wrote this line of poem:
Slowly comes a hungry people as a lion creeping now you’re glares at one that nods and wings behind a slowly dying fire?
A
Alfred Tennyson
7
Q
What did Alfred Tennyson had in mind when he wrote this line slowly comes a hungry people as a lion creeping lawyer glares at one that nods and wings behind a slowly dying fire?
A
In Locksley Hall Alfred Tennyson seems to have had the Chartist diminished demonstrations in mind when he
8
Q
What did the Chartist movement succeed in?
A
Although the chartist movement had fallen apart but by 1848, it succeeded in creating an atmosphere open to reform.
9
Q
What was one of the most important reforms?
A
One of the most important reforms was the abolition of the high tariffs on imported grains tariffs known as the Corn Laws.
10
Q
What does the word corn in England refers to?
A
The word corn in England refers to wheat in other grains.
11
Q
Why had been this high tariffs established in England?
A
There’s high tariffs had been established to protect English farm products from having to compete with low priced products imported from abroad.
12
Q
How did people respond to this abolition of the higher tariffs and imported grains?
A
Landowners and formers fought to keep these tariffs enforce so that high prices for their wheat would be insured but the rest of the population suffered severely from the exorbitant price of bread or in years of bad crops from scarcity of food.
13
Q
What convinced sir Robert Peel that traditional protectionism must be abandoned?
A
In 1845 serious crop failures in England and outbreak of potato blight in Ireland convince Sarah Robert Peel, the Tory prime Minister, that traditional protectionism must be abandoned.
14
Q
When the corn laws were repealed by Parliament what type of way was paved?
A
In 1846 the corn laws were repealed by parliament and the way was paved for the introduction of a system of free trade whereby goods could be imported with the payment of only minimal tariff duties
15
Q
Free trade eradicated the slums of Manchester
A
False
16
Q
How helpful was this free trade?
A
Although free trade did not eradicate this slums of Manchester it worked well for many years and helped relieve the major crisis of the Victorian economy.
17
Q
England was affected by the revolutions that were breaking out all over Europe
A
False
18
Q
A large ……… in London seemed to threaten violence
A
Chartist demonstration
19
Q
The large Chartist administration in London seemed to threaten violence but it came to nothing
A
True
20
Q
This time of troubles left no mark on some early Victorian literature
A
False
21
Q
Who is the writer of The book passed and present?
A
Thomas Carlyle
22
Q
Who is this line from:
Insurrection is the most sad necessity and governors who wait for that to instruct them are surely getting into the fatalest courses
A
Thomas Carlyle
23
Q
Who’s the writer of the book The French Rei’olution?
A
Carlyle
24
Q
What refrain runs through Carlyle’s history the French revolution
A
The refraine is from the last line about insurrection when Carlyle writes in his past and present: insurrection is a most sad necessity and it brings the fatalest courses to the governors who wait for that instruct them
25
Memories of the French reign of terror lasted longer than memories of......., memories freshened by a later outbreaks of.........
British victories over Napoleon at Terafalgar and Waterloo / civil strife
26
Who is this line from: the red full theory of the Seine
This is the way Alfred Tennyson described one of the violent overturnings of government in France
27
In what work comes the most marked response to the industrial and political scene
The most marked response to the industrial and political scene comes in the" condition of England" novels of the 1840s and early 1850s
28
In whose works vivid records of these times are to be found?
Vivid records of these times are to be found in the fiction of Charles Kingsley Elizabeth gaskill Benjamin Disraeli.
29
Who is Benjamin disraeli?
He's is a novelist who became prime minister
30
In what year was the novel "Sybil" written? Who wrote it?
This novel was written in 1845 by Benjamin diesraeli
31
What was the subtitle disraeli chose for his novel sybil?
For his novel he chose an appropriate subtitle the two Nations.
32
What's the name of the mid Victorian period? How long was it?
This period is started in 1848 and finished in 1870 and it was named economic prosperity, the growth of empire, and religious controversy
33
..... made critical attacks on the shortcomings of the Victorian social scene
Charles Dickens
34
Who was more critical and indignant with Victorian social scene than Charles Dickens
John Ruskin
35
Who wrote these books " The Stones of Venice" and "Unto this Last"?
John Ruskin
36
John Ruskin turned from a purely..... And aesthetic....... Of art during this period to denounce the evils of Victorian....... .
Moral / criticism / industry
37
What does John Ruskin actually says or does in his work "the Stone of Venice"?
In his the son of Venice he can binds the history of architecture with a stern prophecies about the Doom of technological culture
38
What does John Ruskin do in his novel unto this last?
John Ruskin in his novel onto this last attacks on laissez-faire economics.
39
Whose works are more characteristic reflection of the mid Victorian attitude toward the social and political scene than ruskin's lamentations?
the realistic novels on Anthony Trollope with their comfortable tolerance and equanimity.
40
The mid Victorian period was a time of pure prosperity and had no harassing problems
False
41
There was a growing sense of satisfaction that the challenging difficulties of the 1840s had been solved or would be solved by English..... And.....
Wisdom/energy
42
The badly bungled war against Russia in the Crimea seriously affected the growing sense of satisfaction of solving everything by English wisdom and energy
False
43
The monarchy was proving its .....in a modern setting
Worth
44
What were the Queen and her husband models of middle-class for?
The Queen and her husband were models of middle-class the domesticity and devotion to duty
45
The aristocracy was discovering that free trade was.... rather than... Their estates.
Enriching / impoverishing
46
47
Agricultural flourished together with... and...
Trade / industry
48
49
What improves the the condition of working class in mid Victorian period?
Through a succession of Factor Acts in Parliament the condition of the working classes was also being gradually improved
50
The condition of the working classes in mid Victorian period was rapidly improved
False. it was gradually improved
51
What did the Factory Acts in Parliament restrict
It restricted child labor and limited hours of employment
52
What period are we referring to when we use complacency or a stability or optimism
Mid Victorian phase
53
Who called the Victorian period "the age of improvement"?
The historian Asa Briggs
54
Who said this:
Of all the decades in our history a wise man would choose the 1850s to be young in
G M Young
55
When was Mark Twain visiting London
In 1897 Mark twine was visited in London during the diamond jubilee celebrations honoring the sixtieth anniversary of coin Victoria's coming to the throne
56
Who said this line about England in the Victorian period?
British history is 2000 years old and yet in a good many ways the world has moved farther ahead since the Queen was born when it moved in all the rest of the 2000 put together
Mark Twain
57
Only in England the changes were most remarked in dramatic
True
58
The great change was a change that brought England to its highest points of...... as a ..... power
Development / world
59
Where did Prince Albert opened the Great exhibition
In 1851 Prince Albert opened the Great exhibition in Hyde Park
60
How was this Great exhibition place architected?
A gigantic glass greenhouse the Crystal Palace
61
What did this great exhibition show?
This correct exhibition in Hyde Park was erected to display the exhibits of modern industry in science.
62
How is the Crystal Palace constructed?
The Crystal Palace was one of the first buildings constructed according to modern architectural principles in which materials such as glass and iron are employed for purely functional ends.
63
The building as well as the exhibits symbolized the triumphant feats of Victorian......
Technology
64
Who set this line:
it is a privilege to live in this age of rapid and brilliant events what an error to consider it a utilitarian age it is one of infinite romance
Benjamin dieseli wrote to one of his friends in 1862
65
It is a privilege to live in this age ...... and..... events what an error to consider it a .... age. It is one of infinite.......
Rapid /brilliant/utilitarian/romance
66
What factors led England to an enormous expansion of its influence around the globe?
England's technological progress, together with this prosperity, let turn enormous expansion of its influence around the globe
67
Its annual ...... of goods nearly trebled in value between 1850 and 1870
Export
68
Not only the expert of goods but that of .....and..... increased
People / capital
69
Between 1853 and 1880 2466000 immigrants left Britain, many bound for.......
British colonies
70
By 1870..... had invested 8,000 £ million abroad.
British capitalists.
71
How did the investment of British capitalists in abroad change during the Victorian phases?
By 1870 British capitalists had invested 8,000 EuroMillion abroad in 1850 the total had been only 3,000 EuroMillion
72
What type of investment created the British empire?
This investment of people money and technology created the British empire.
73
In what period important building blocks of the empire were put in place?
In mid Victorian period
74
In the 1850s and 1860s there was a large scale immigration to..... But in 1867 Parliament unified the Canadian provinces into the..... of Canada
Australia / Dominion
75
In 1857,..... took over the government of India from the private........., which had control the country, and a started to put in place its....
Parliament / East India company/ civil service government
76
Who was named the empress of India in 1876?
Queen Victoria
77
This model of empire was created because of the African colonies
False
78
The competitive scramble for African colonies took place in the mid Victorian period
False
79
How was creating this model of empire made possible?
It was made possible by technological revolution in communication and transportation
80
What is the common thing between Rome in the Roman empire and Britain in the British empire?
Much as Rome had built roads through Europe in the years of the Roman empire Britain builds railways and a strong telegraph wires.
81
It also put in place a framework for.... and...... that preserves British influence in former .....event today
Education/government/colonies
82
There were not many motives for Britain in creating its empire
False
83
What did the British empire seek?
It's sought wealth, markets for manufactured goods sources for raw materials and world power and influence
84
Many English people didn't care about the expansion of their empire
False .
85
What did many English people see the expansion of empire as?
a moral responsibility
86
How did Rudyard Kipling term the moral responsibility of expanding the British empire?
The white man's Burden
87
Who turned the concept of moral responsibility for expanding the British empire the white man's burden?
Rudyard Kipling
88
What did Queen Victoria state about the imperial mission?
The Queen Victoria's stated that the imperial mission was to protect the poor natives and advance civilization
89
Missionary societies flourished is spreading Christianity in....., .... and ....
India , Asia, Africa
90
How did the pivotal city of Western civilization change in the 18th or 19th century
In the 18th century the pivotal city of Western civilization had been Paris but by the second half of the 19th century the center of the influence had shifted to London a city that expanded from about 2 million inheritance when Victoria came to the throne to six and a half million at the time of her death
91
What is one of the many indications of the most important development of the age?
The rapid growth of London
92
What is the most important development of the age?
The shift from a way of life based on the ownership of land to a modern urban economy based on trade in manufacturing
93
What did Dr Thomas Arnold say during the earliest stages of England's industrialization?
We have been living the life of 300 years in 30 years
94
What would make a late Victorian look back with astonishment on these developments during his or her lifetime?
After the resources of steam power had been more fully exploited for fast railways and iron ships, looms comma printing presses, and farmers combines, and after the introduction of the telegraph innercontinental cable, photography, anesthetics comma and universal compulsory education
95
What did Walter Besant say about all these changes happening in the Victorian age in Britain?
The mind inhabits of the ordinary Englishman that he would not recognize his own grandfather.
96
At the same time that a British missionary Enterprise was expanding there was no debate about religious beliefs in Britain
False
97
98
What divisions did Church of England evolve into by the mid Victorian period?
Evangelical or low church/ broad church / high Church
99
What did evangelicals emphasize?
The evangelicals emphasize the spiritual transformation of the individual by conversion and a strictly moral Christian life
100
Which of these church divisions became a powerful and active minority in the early part of the 19th century?
The evangelicals
101
Zealousy dedicated to ........., Advocates of restrict puritan code of......, and righteously censorious of ........ in others, the evangelicals became a powerful and active minority in the early part of the 19th century.
Good causes / morality/worldliness
102
What did much of the power of the evangelicals depend on?
Much of the power of the evangelicals depend on the fact that their view of life and religion was virtually identical with that of a much larger group external to the Church of England.
103
What were those larger groups external to the Church of England?
The nonconformists, or dissinters- that is, baptists, methodists, congregation alists, and other Protestant denominations.
104
What groups external to the Church of England was the high Church associated with?
Catholic side of the church, emphasizing the importance of tradition, ritual, and authority.
105
What did the catholic side of the Church of England emphasize?
The importance of tradition, ritual, and authority
106
When did a high Church movement take shape?
In 1830s
107
What was this high church movement known as?
Is high Church movement was known as both the Oxford movement because it originated at Oxford University and as tractarianism because it's the leaders developed their arguments in a series of pathletes or tracts
108
Who led the tractarianism movement?
John Henry Newman
109
What was John Henry Newman's religion?
John Henry Newman later converted to Roman Catholicism.
110
What did tractarians argue about the Church of England?
The argue that the church could maintain its power and authority only by resisting liberal tendencies and holding to its original traditions
111
What did the broad Church resist?
The broadchurch resisted the doctrinal and ecclesiastical controversies that separated the high Church and evangelical divisions
112
Which of these churches was open to modern advances in thought?
The broad church
113
114
Which church's adherence emphasized the broadly inclusive nature of the church?
The broadchurch
115
All the rationalist challenges to religious belief that developed before the Victorian period disappeared
False
116
What was the most significant rationalist challenges to religious?
Utilitarianism, also known as Benthamism or philosophical radicalism
117
From whom did utilitarianism drive?
It drive from the thought of Jeremy Bentham and his disciple James Mill
118
Who was James Mill?
The father of John Stewart Mill
119
What did Bentham believe?
All human beings seek to maximize pleasure and minimize pain
120
Based on what Bentham believes what is the criterion by which we should judge a morally correct action?
The extent to which it provides the greatest pleasure to the greatest number
121
How did Benthamites measure religion?
The measured religion by this moral arithmetic
122
What did benthamites conclude from the moral arithmetic measurement of religion?
That it did not meet the rationalist test of value. It, refers to the measuring religion by this moral arithmetic
123
In what was utilitarianism influential?
Utilitarianism was widely influential in providing a philosophical basis for political and social reforms
124
On part of whose did utilitarianism around considerable opposition?
Utilitarianism aroused considerable opposition on the part of those who felt it failed to recognize people's spiritual needs
125
Raised according to strict utilitarian principles by his father,........ Came to be critical of them.
John Stewart Mill
126
What does Mill describe his realization of utilitarianism in one of his books and what book was it?
In his autobiography, Mills describes his realization that he's utilitarian upbringing had left him no power to feel
127
Who wrote the book Sartor Resartus?
Carlyle
128
What does Carlyle describe in his book Sartus Resartus?
He describes a similar spiritual crisis as John mild did in his autobiography in which he struggles to rediscover this springs of religious feeling in the face of his despair at the specter of a universe governed only by utilitarian principles
129
Which writers beside John mille and Carlyle attack utilitarianism in their books and what are those books?
Later Booth Dickens, in his Port Royal of Thomas gratt grind in hard times come up a man of facts in calculations who is ready to weigh and measure any parcel of human nature, and Ruskin, in his unto this last, attack utilitarianism
130
Who popularized the theories of Charles Darwin?
Thomas Henry Huxley
131
In mid Victorian England, the challenge to religious belief..... Shifted from the...... To some of the liters of ....... In particular to Thomas Henry huxley
Gradually / utilitarianism / science
132
The impact of the scientific discoveries did not damage the English peoples established faiths
Falsa
133
Mini English scientists were themselves individuals of a strong religious convictions
True
134
..... Claimed in 1851 about the flimsiness of his own religious faith
Ruskin
135
Who set this line:
If only the geologists would let me alone, I could do very well come up but those dreadful hammers! I hear the clink of them at the end of every cadence of the bible verses.
John Ruskin
136
In how many ways the damage lamented by Ruskin was affected?
In two ways
137
Who was the first way in which the damage lamented by Ruskin was affected?
The first one is the scientific attitude of mind was applied toward a study of the Bible
138
What does higher criticism have to do with the effects of damage lamented by Ruskin ?
This kind of investigation which is the scientific attitude of mind applied toward a study of the Bible developed especially in Germany and was known as the higher criticism
139
How did scientists treat Bible in the higher criticism effect?
Instead of trading the Bible as a sacredly infallible document, scientifically minded the scholars examined it as a mere text of history and presented evidence about its composition that believers comma especially Protestant countries, found disconcerting, to say the least
140
What is one noteworthy example of such higher criticism studies ?
David Friedrich strauss's Das Leben Jesu, which was translated by George Elliott in 1846 as the life of Jesus
141
What was the second kind of effect of the damage lamented by Ruskin?
The second kind of damage was affected by the view of humanity implicit in the discoveries of geology and astronomy, the new and " terrible muses" of literature, as Tennyson called them in a late poem.
142
What did Tennyson call geology and astronomy in a late poem?
The new and " terrible muses"
143
How did geology reduce the stature of human species in time?
By extending the history of the Earth backward millions of years
144
What did John Tyndall think about the new Discoveries?
Thousand... Thousand.....
145
Check page 987
M
146
What did astronomers discover?
The discoveries of astronomers, by extending knowledge of a still or distances to Disney expenses, who was likewise disconcerting
147
Who said this line:
Geology gives one the same sort of bewildering view of the epismal extent of time that astronomy does have a space
Carlyle's friend John Sterling
148
How does the tennyson's speaker in Maud see the stars?
To Tennyson's a speaker in Maud the stares are innumerable tyrants of iron skies. They are called fires yet with power to burn and brand his nothingness into man
149
In the ....period biology reduced human kind even further into....
Mid Victorian period /nothingness
150
Darwin's great treaties ......was interpreted by the .....public in a variety of ways
The origin of a species 1859 / nonscientific
151
Everybody assumed that evolution was synonymous with progress
False
152
Most readers of the origin of species from Darwin who recognized that Darwin's theory of ..... conflicted not only with the...... drived from the Bible but also with long established assumptions of the values attached to....... In the world
Natural selection /concept of creation /humanities special role
153
Which one of Darwin's treaties raised more explicitly the hunting question of our identification with the animal kingdom?
The descent of Man
154
If the principle of survival of the fittest was accepted as the key to conduct, what was the remained inquiry?
Fittest for what?
155
How did Darwin's theories make the Victorians feel? Who writes about this? In which book?
As John Fowels writes in his novel the French Lieutenant's Woman, Darwin's theories made the Victorians feel infinitely isolated
156
Buy the 1860s the great iron structures of their......., ......, and....... Were already beginning to look dangerously corroded to the more perspicacious.
Philosophers / religions / social stratifications
157
What are the disputes about evolutionary science like the disputes about religion a reminder of?
That beneath the place prosperous surface of the meat Victorian age there were serious conflicts and anxieties
158
Who said this line and when?
The young man and women over day are fast pouring from the appearance in each other the more thoughtful or wondering either towards Rome towards sheer materialism or towards an unchristian and on philosophic spiritualism
In the same year as the Great exhibition with a celebration of the triumphs of trend and industry Charles Kingsley wrote this
159
What was the late period named and how long was it?
Decade of Victorian values
1870 till 1901
160
Which which phase of Victorian phases is more difficult to categorize?
The late period
161
How did the late Victorian period look like at first glance?
At first glance it's point of view seems merely an extension of mid victorianism, who is Golden glow lingered on through the Jubilee years of 1887 and 1897 down to 1914.
162
How was the late period for many affluent Victorians?
For many affluent Victorians, this final phase of century was a time of serenity and security, the age of house parties and long weekends in the country.
163
In whose prose are these pleasant fulfilled gatherings immortalized?
In the amber of Henry James's prose
164
Life in London in the late period was for many an exhilarating......
Heyday
165
Who wrote the book my life and loves?
Frank Harris and Irish American author
166
How was Frank Harris's view towards the English scene?
The Irish American Frank Harris was often a severe critic of the English scene
167
Frank Harris records his recollection of the ..... Of London in the 1880s in his book.....
Gaiety/ my life and lots
168
Who's the author of this line:
London who would give even an idea of its very delights London the center of civilization the Queen City of world without a pure in the multitude of its tractions as superior to Paris as Paris is to New York.
Frank Harris and his book my life and
169
What does the exhilarating sense of London's delights reflect in?
Commodities / inventions / products that were changing the texture of modern life
170
England had become committed not only to continuing...... Change but also to a culture of......, generating new products for sale.
Technological / consumerism
171
What provided the foundation on which the English empire's economy was built?
The wealth of England's empire
172
What Victorian period saw the Apex of British imperialism?
The late period
173
Although the final decades of the century saw the Apex of British imperialism the cost of the empire became increasingly apparent in....,..., and.....
Rebellions/ massacres /bungled wars
174
Explain about the anglo-boer war?
At the end of the century England engaged in a long bloody and unpopular struggle to annex 2 independent republics in the South of Africa controlled by Dutch settlers called Boers
175
In which Victorian period was the Irish question divisive?
In the late Victorian period
176
What was the Irish question?
Home rule for Ireland became a topic of heated debate. A proposed reform that was unsuccessfully advocated by prime minister Gladstone and other leaders.
177
What was the development that challenged Victorian stability and security from outside the British empire?
The sudden emergence of Bismarck's Germany after the defeat of France in 1871 was progressively to confront England with powerful threats to its naval and military position and also to its preeminence in trade and industry
178
What were the provided new and serious competitions from the United States after the civil war?
In industry and in agriculture
179
What happened when the westward expansion of railroads in the United States and Canada opened up?
It opened up the vast, grain reach prairies and the typical English former had to confront lower grain prices and a dramatically different scale of productivity, which England could not match
180
What was the reason that the rate of emigration Rose to an alarming degree?
In 1873 and in 1874 severe economic depressions occurred
181
What was another change in the mid Victorian balance of power?
The growth of labor as a political and economic force
182
In which Victorian period was the second reform bill passed and under whose guidance?
In 1867, under Disraeli's guidance, a second reform bill had been passed
183
How was the second reform bill?
It extended the right to vote to sections of the working classes
184
What's made labor a powerful political Force? And what did that powerful political Force included?
That powerful political Force included a wide variety of kinds of socialism. The second reform bill that extended the right to vote to sections of the working class and the subsequent development of trade unions made labor a powerful political Force
185
Some labor leaders were disciples of the Tory socialism of .....
John Ruskin
186
What did those labors who were disciples of The tourist socialism of John Ruskin share?
They should his idealistic conviction that the middle class economic and political system , with its distrust of a state interference , was irresponsible and immoral
187
All the labor leaders were influence by John ruskin's Tory socialism
False
188
Other labor leaders had been influenced instead by the revolutionary theories of..... and ...... As expounded in their...... and in Marx's ........
Karl Marx /frederich Engles /communist manifesto / das kapital /
189
Who was the first English author to embrace Marxism?
The poet and painter William Morris
190
What did William Morris and Karl Marx have in common?
They should a conviction that Utopia could be achieved only after the working classes had ,by revolution, taken control of government and industry
191
In much of the literature of this final phase of victorianism we can send an overall change of....
Attitudes
192
Some of the late Victorian writers expressed the change...... by simply attacking the major mid Victorian.....
Openly / idols
193
Whom did Samuel Butler demolished in the late Victorian period?
Darwin, Tennyson, prime minister Gladstone
194
Why did Samuel Butler demolished Darwin, Tennyson, Gladstone?
These figures' aura of authority reminded Butler of his own father
195
Butler could express considerable admiration for prime Minister.....
Disraeli
196
What's this line about?
Earnestness was his greatest danger, but if he did not quite overcome it (as who indeed can it is the last enemy that shall be subdued), he managed to veil it with a fair amount of success
This line is from Samuel Butler describing prime Minister Disraeli
197
Who wrote the book The Way of all flesh?
Samuel Butler
198
What is what is the book The Way of all flesh by Samuel Butler about?
Butler satirized family life in particular the tyrannical self-righteousness of a Victorian father whose own father a clergyman serving as his model
199
What did Walter and his followers conclude in the late Victorian period?
They concluded that the striving of their predecessors was ultimately pointless
200
What did Walter Peter and his followers conclude that this driving of their predecessors was ultimately pointless?
Because the answers to our problems or not to be found, and that our role is to enjoy the fleeting moments of beauty in this short day of first and son
201
202
Whose is this phrase from:
The short day of Frost and son.
Walter pater
203
204
205
Who translated the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayam?
Edward Fitzgerald
206
What is the theme of Edward fitzgerald's translated version of khayyam's poems?
Melancholy that life's problems or insoluble
207
Edward fitzgerald's beautiful translation of Omar Khayam's Rubaiyat was instantly famous.
False
208
The changes in attitude that had begun cropping up in the 1870s became much more .....in the final decade of the century and gave the 19th special aura of.....
Conspicuous/notoriety
209
These changes were everywhere all around the British empire
False
210
Who's the stories record this struggles of the people who at The empire's outposts in India and Africa were building railways and administering governments?
Kipling and Joseph Conrad
211
What did the works of Kipling and Joseph Conrad embody?
It embodied the task of sustaining an empire were the soldiers and sailors who fought in various colonial words most notably in the war against the boers in South Africa
212
What is the colorful embodiment of changing Victorian standards in England?
Victoria's son and heir Kama Edward, Prince of Wales, who was entering his 50th year as the 90s began
213
How was Prince of Wales Edward?
He was a pleasure seeking easy going person unlike his father Prince Albert who was an earnest-minded intellectual who had devoted he's like to hard work and to administrative responsibilities
214
What did newspapers or articles say about Edward?
This father of five children openly maintained the scandalous relations with ballet dancers and chorus singers.
215
Prince Albert devoted his life to.... and to....
Hard work/administrative responsibilities
216
What is the characteristics of spirits of much of the writing of the decade which illustrates a breakdown of a different sort?
What of the writing of the decade illustrates a breakdown of a different sort; melancholy and not gayity is characteristic of its spirit
217
Which artists represented the aesthetic movement?
Artists of the 90s represented the aesthetic movement
218
The artist who represented the aesthetic movement were not ever of their era being finished
Wrong
219
Artists who represented the aesthetic movement were very much aware of living at the end of a great century and often cultivated a deliberately........ Pose.
fin de siecle
220
What is the meaning of the phrase: fin de siecle?
End of century
221
A studied......, a weary......, a search for new ways of titillating...... can be found in both the poetry and the pros of the period.
Langer/sophistication / jaded palates
222
What is the yellow book?
It is a periodical that ran from 1894 to 1897
223
What book is taken to represent aestheticism of the 90s?
The yellow book
224
What works illustrate different aspects of the movement which is about artists realizing their living in the end of the century?
Black and white drawings and designs of Aubrey Beasrdsley / the pros of George Moore and Max beerbohm / and the poetry of Ernest Dowson
225
Who's the writer of the book degeneration?
Max nordau summed up what seem to him to be happening in this book that was a sensational as the title
226
What beginnings can be seen in the 90s?
It is easy to see in the 90s the beginning of the modernist movement in literature and a number of the great writers of the 20th century were already publishing
227
Who were those great 20th century writers that started publishing in 1890s?
Yeats/thomas hardy/joseph conard / George Bernard Shaw
228
From which book is this line taken?
I have always been truly in earnest
Charles Dickens David Copperfield hero says this
229
Who's the author of the book The importance of being Earnest?
Oscar wilde
230
What does Oscar Wilde's do in his comedy The importance of being Earnest?
He turns the typical meet Victorian word Ernest into a pun, a key joke in this comic spectacle of earlier Victorian values being turned upside down
231
Who's the author of the book The romantic 90s?
Richard Le Gallienne
232
Who is this line from?
Wilde made dying victorianism laugh at itself and it may be set to have died of the laughter
Richard Le Gallienne
233
Who is Richard Le Gallienne?
A Novelist of the nineties
234
England was the second country to become industrialized
False
235
England's transformation to industrialization was very painful
True
236
England experienced a host of.... and .....problems consequent to
.... and...... industrialization
Social / economic / rapid / unregulated
237
England also experienced an enormous increase in.....
Wealth
238
Why was England able to capture markets all over the globe?
Because England had an early start
239
Cotton and other manufactured products were exported in English ships
True
240
How were the English ships?
Merchant fleet whose size was without parallel in other countries
241
The prophets gained from trade LED also to extensive......in all continents
Capital investments
242
England was the world's workshop in London was the world's banker
True
243
England gained no profit from the development of its own colonies
False
244
How much of the Earth was the colonies of British empire?
A quarter of all the territory and the surface of Earth
245
By the end of the century England was the world's for most......
Imperial power
246
In the course of the Victorian period what had given citizens many rights?
Political and legal reforms
247
Who is this line from?
England is unquestionably the freest that is the least unfree country in the world North America not except.
Friedrich Engels
248
How did women share in these political and legal freedoms?
England had indeed done much to extend its citizens liberties but women did not share in these freedoms they could not vote or hold political office.
249
Women could finally vote in Victorian period
False
Other petitions to Parliament advocating women's suffrage were introduced as early as the 1840s women did not get the vote until 1918
250
What is the married women's property Act?
Until the passage of this act married women could not own or handle their own property
251
How could women divorce their husbands?
While men could divorce their wives for adultery wives could divorce their husbands only if adultery were combined with cruelty bigamy incest or bestiality
252
In the Victorian period educational and employment opportunities for women were finally growing
False. they were still limited
253
What is the Woman Question?
These inequities, limited educational and employment opportunities and no right for divorce if adultery happened unless it was combined with cruelty incest bestiality or bigamy and the right of owning their own property, stimulated as predated debate about the women's roles known as the woman question
254
Some of the social changes that such discussion helped Foster eventually affected the lives of all or many of the countries female population
True
255
This Victorian debate about women despite the inclusive claims of its title was with the few exceptions conducted by the
Upper classes about middle-class women
False it was conducted by the middle classes about middle class women
256
What were the arguments for women's rights based on?
They were based on the same libertarian principles that had formed the basis of extended rights for men
257
Who is the author of the book Jude the obscure?
Thomas Hardy
258
Who's the author of the book on Liberty?
John Stuart meal
259
What does Hardy's heroine justifies in his novel and what novel is it?
In hardee's blast novel Jude the obscure his heroine justifies leaving her husband by coding a passage from meals on Liberty.
On liberty was written in 1859 and Jude the obscure was written in 1895
260
What is Thomas Hardy's last novel and when was it written
Judy obscure 1895
261
Who's the author of the book The subjection of women?
John Stewart Mill
262
How many books did Thomas Hardy's heroine in his Jude the obscure refer to? Who are the authors of those books?
His heroine justifies leaving her husband by coding a passage from meals on Liberty she might have coated another work by meal the subjection of women
263
Which book like Mary wolston craft's a vindication of the rights of women challenges long established assumption about women's role in society
John Mill's the subjection of women
264
Legislative measures over the course of the 19th century rapidly brought about changes in a number of areas.
False it's not rapidly it's gradually
265
What is the Custody Act?
This act of 1839 gave a mother the right to petition the court for access to her minor children and custody of children under seven raised to 16 in 1878
266
The divorce option was available for everyone.
False
The divorce remains so expensive as to be available only to the very rich
267
What changes and acts began to establish a basis for the rights of women in marriage?
1 changes in marriage
2 changes in divorce laws
3 married women's property Acts
268
what did The Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Act of 1857 establish?
A civil divorce court , divorce previously could be granted only by an eccelesiastical court, and provided a deserted wife the right to apply for a protection order that would allow her rights to her property
269
In addition to pressuring parliament for......., feminists worked to enlarge female...... Opportunities.
Legal reform/educational
270
In 1837 which is the early Victorian period, all three England's University were open to women
False. In 1837 none of England three universities was open to women
271
Who's the author of the book Vanity Fair?
William Makepeace Thackeray
272
Who's the author of The Long poem The princess 1847
Alfred Tennyson
273
What fantasy does this poem The princess 1847 have?
It has a fantasy of a women's college from who's persinked all males or excluded
274
How was the fantasy school in the princess by Alfred Tennyson inspired?
It was inspired by contemporary discussions of the need for women to obtain an education that provided by the popular finishing schools
275
Come up with one example of a work representing a school for women
Miss Pinkerton's academy in William Makepeace Thackeray's vanity Fair
276
What does princess Ida represent at the end of the poem The princess by Alfred Tennyson?
Ado by the end of the poem princess Ida has represented of her amazonian scheme, she and the prince look for word to a future in which man will be "more of women, she have Man"
277
What does the poem The princess by Alfred tennis and reflect?
The poem reflects a climate of opinion that led in 1848 to the establishment of the first woman's college in London
278
Who was the strong advocate of advanced education for women
Thomas Henry Huxley
279
How did the women's educational opportunity change from the first period of Victorian age to the last period?
In 1837 none of England's three universities was open to women. But by the end of Victoria's reign, women could take degrees at 12 universities or University colleges and could have study at Oxford and Cambridge. But they couldn't a degree at Oxford and Cambridge
280
There was no agitation for improved employment opportunities for women
False
281
Writers as diverse as....,......,and...... Complained that middle class women were taught..... accomplishments to fill up days in which there was nothing important to do
Charlotte bronte/elizabeth Barrett Browning / Florence Nightingale / trivial
282
Women from the majority lower class agreed with the women from the middle class on the idea that they were taught only trivial accomplishments and they didn't do anything important
False.
The working lives of poor English women had always been strenuous comma inside an outside the house, but industrial society brought unprecedented pressures
283
What created new forms of paid employment for women?
Although the largest proportion of working women labored as servants in The homes of the more affluent Kamal the explosive growth of mechanized industries especially in the textile trade created new forms of employment
284
What jobs did women from the lower class occupy in the Victorian age?
Servants in The homes of the more affluent / factory jobs under appalling conditions / mines
285
What brought women into the minds for the first time in Victorian age?
The need for coal to fuel England's industrial development
286
What is Factory Act?
Is series of factory acts gradually regulated the conditions of labor in mind and factories
287
How did the factory acts gradually regulate the conditions of labor in mines and factories?
By reducing the 16-hour day and banning women from mine work
288
With the change that the factory act brought upon the situation for the lower class women was great.
False.
Even with such changes the lot of the countries poorest women, weather factory operatives or housemates come up seamstresses or field laborers was undoubtedly hard.
289
What brought thousands of women into prostitution?
Bad working conditions and underemployment
290
How is prostitution in the 19th century?
Prostitution was increasingly professionalized
291
What was the subject of an almost obsessive public concern?
The professionalised prostitution
292
What did the manifestations of those who had public concern about the professionalized prostitution include?
Their manifestation included frequent literary and artistic representations
293
What did journalists call surplus or redundant?
Women of the middle class who remained unmarried because of the imbalance in numbers between the sexes
294
Prostitution was a trade for middle class women
False it was a trade for working class women
295
Why did journalist use the word surplus or redundant for the remained unmarried women are working class because of the imbalance in numbers between the sexes?
Because there was considerable anxiety about the possible fates of the remained women from the working class
296
How are the employment opportunities for women from the working class?
None of them retractive or profitable
297
What solution was proposed to women from working class to solve the problem of the imbalance in numbers between the sexes ?
Emigration
298
Did the solution of immigration solve the problem of the imbalance between the sexes?
The number of single female immigrants was never high enough to significantly affect the population imbalance
299
What was the only occupation at which and unmarried middle class women could earn a living and maintain some claim to gentility?
Governess
300
How is the occupation of governesses?
A governess could expect no security of employment only minimal wages and an ambiguous status somewhere between servant and family member that isolated her within the household.
301
Why governors novel became a popular genre through which the women's role in society was explored?
Perhaps because the governor's so clearly indicated the precariousness of the unmarried middle class women's status in Victorian England.
302
Come up with two examples of governance novels.
Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte and vanity Fair
303
What do governess novels indicate about Victorian society?
The indicate that the Victorian society was preoccupied not only with legal and economic limitations and women's lives but with the very nature of women
304
Who's the author of this line and in which book did he say it?
What is now called the nature of women is eminently an artificial thing- the result of forced repression in some directions, unnatural stimulation in others.
In the subjection of women, John Stewart Mill argues that.
305
What is separate spheres?
In tennyson's the princess, the King voices immortal traditional view of male and female roles
306
What poem is this line from? Who's the author? what does it indicate?
Man for the field and woman for the hearth:
Man for the sword and for the needle she:
Man with the head and woman with the heart:
Man to command and women to obey:
It is from Alfred tennyson's the princess and it indicates the traditional view of male and female roles called separate spheres
307
What does the king's relegation of women to the hearth and heart reflect?
An ideology that claimed that women had a special nature peculiarly fit for her domestic role
308
Who's the author of the poem The Angel in the house?
Coventory Patmore
309
What did Patmore epitomize in his immensely popular poem The Angel in the house?
The concept of a womanhood distressed women's purity and selflessness.
Protected and intrigued within the home, her role was to create a place of peace for a man could take refuge from the difficulties of modern life
310
Who's the author of the poem of Queens gardens?
John Ruskin
311
What does John Ruskin say in his poem of Queens gardens ?
This is the true nature of home- it is the place of; the shelter, not only from all injury, but from all terror, doubt, and division. In so far as it is not this, it is not home; so far as the anxieties of the outer life penetrate into it, and the inconsistently-minded, unknown, unloved, or hostile society of the outer world is allowed either by husband or wife to cross the threshold, it ceases to be home; it is then only a part of that outer world which you have roofed over, and lighted fire in. But so far as it is a sacred place, a vestal temple, a temple of the hearth watched over by Household Gods,.... So far it vindicates the name, and fulfills the praise of home
312
What type of pressure did the exalted conception of home provided by the poem of Queens garden's by John Ruskin place on women?
It put great pressure on the woman who ran it to be in dry skin's words enduringly encruptively good instinctly infallibly wise wise not for the self-development but for the self renunciation
313
What aspect does this domestic ideology have?
Oppressive
314
Who used this concept of the importance of women at home, to justify the special contribution that women could make to public Life?
Feminists as well as anti feminists
315
Who's the author of the work the portrait of a Lady 1881?
Henry James
316
Who is this line from?
Millions of presumptuous girls intelligent or not intelligent daily affront their destiny and what is it open to their destiny to he at the most that we should make an Ado about it?
In his preface to the portrait of a Lady 1881 Henry James wrote it
317
Who uses the word ado that James describes in addressing the question of women's vocation?
Every major Victorian novelist
318
What does the phrase new woman describe?
An emerging form of emancipated womanhood that was endlessly debated in a wave of fiction and magazine articles
319
As Victorian texts illustrate the basic problem of women were only political economic and educational
False it was not only political economic or educational
320
If not political educational and economic then what was the basic problem of women in Victorian age?
It was how women were regarded, and regarded themselves, as members of a society.
321
What was the product of the compulsory national education?
In 1837 about half of the adults male population could read and write to some extent but by the end of the century basic literacy was almost universal
322
Why were there an explosion of things to read?
Because of the technological changes in printing
323
What were the technological changes in printing?
Presses powered by steam, paper made from wood pulp rather than rags , typesetting machines
324
But the price of publishing was still high
False
Publishers could bring out more printed material more cheaply than ever before
325
The number of newspapers periodicals and books increased exponentially during the Victorian period
True
326
Books were also less expensive and available to all sorts of classes
False books remained fairly expensive and most readers borrowed them from commercial landing libraries
327
There were no public libraries
False
The review public libraries until the final decades of the century
328
When did an extensive popular press developed?
After the repeal of this stamp tax and duties on advertisements just after mid-century an extensive popular press developed
329
Who was the most significant development in publishing from the point of view of literary culture?
The growth of periodical
330
What type of magazines were there in London?
There were magazines for every taste: cheap and popular magazines that published sensational tales / religious monthlies / weekly newspaper / satiric periodicals noted for their political cartoons / women's magazines monthly miscellanies publishing fiction / poetry and articles on current affairs / reviews and quarterlies
331
What kind of power and influence did the chief reviews and monthly magazines have?
They defined issues in public defers and they made and broke literal reputations
They also published the major writers of the period the fiction of Dickens/ Thackeray / Elliot / Trollope / Gaskel / essays of Carlyle / Mill / Arnold / Ruskin and poetry of Tennyson and the Brownings.
332
How were novels and long works of non-fiction pros published?
They were published in serial form
333
When did the serial publication of works begin?
Late 18th century
334
How did the serial publication become famous?
The publication of Dickens's Pickwick Papers an individual numbers established its popularity
335
How would raiders read these serial works?
Readers read these works in relatively short discrete installments over our prayer that could extend more than a year with time for reflection and interpretation in between
336
What did serial publication of works encourage?
It encouraged a certain kind of plotting and pacing and allowed writers to take accounts of their readers reactions as they constructed subsequent installments
337
Writers created a continuing world, punctuated by the ...... of instalments. Which served to stimulate the curiosity that would keep readers buying .....
Ends / subsequent issues
338
Cereal publication also created a distinctive sense of a.........
Are the community of readers a sense encouraged by the practice of Reading aloud in the family gatherings
339
What does the family reading of novels suggest?
It suggests that the middle class reading public enjoyed a common reading culture
340
Who were the famous poets and prose writers during the Victorian period? Who were called as sages?
Poets such as Tennyson and Elizabeth Barrett Browning and anthologies such as Paulgrave's Golden Treasury appealed to a large body of readers.
Prose writers such as Carlisle Arnold and Ruskin achieved a status as sages.
And the major Victorian novelists were popular writers
341
What expectation did the readers of Victorian period share about the literature?
Readers shared the expectation that literature would not only delight but instruct / that it would be a continuous with the lived world / and that it would illuminate social problems
342
Who said this line
We cannot live in art
One of tennyson's college friends
343
The expectations that the readers shirt about the literature weighed more heavily on some writers. how and which one of them?
Tennyson war he's public mantel with considerable ambivalence / Arnold abundant the private mode of lyric poetry in order to speak about public issues in lectures and essays
344
By the 1870s the sense of a broad readership with a shirt set of social concerns had begun to dissolve
True
345
Which poets pursued art for art's sake?
Poets like the Pre-Raphaelite
346
By the end of the victorious reign mass publication included more and more serious literature
False
347
By the end of the Victoria's reign writers had a unified reading public
False
348
What was the dominant form in Victorian literature?
Novels
349
How are novels initially published and then how are they published subsequently?
Initially published for the most part in serial form, novels subsequently appeared in three volumes additions or three deckers.
350
How did Henry James feel about this type of publication of the novel?
Henry James called them Lord loose baggy monsters. By saying so he reflected his dissatisfaction with their sprawling panoramic expanse.
351
What do Victorian novels seek to represent?
A large and comprehensive social world, with the variety of classes and social sittings that constitute a community
352
What do Victorian novels contain?
They contain a multitude of characters and a number of plots, setting in motion the kinds of patterns that reveal the author's vision of the deep structures of the social world
353
What did George Eliot say about what Victorian novels contain?
She said the mysterious mixture behaves under the varying experiments of time
354
How do authors of Victorian novels present themselves?
They present themselves as realistic ,that is, as representing a social world that shares the features of the one we habit.
355
What did Standhall call the Victoria novel and who is he?
The French novelist Stendhal called the novel "a mirror wandering down a road."
356
In the sentence: a novel is a mirror wandering down a road by Stendhal, how is "mirror" used as a metaphor?
The metaphor of mirror is somewhat deceptive? Since it employs that writers exert no shaping force on their material
357
It would be more accurate to speak not of realism but of....., since each novelist represents a specific vision of..... Through a variety of... and ......
Realisms, reality, techniques, conventions
358
359
The worlds of... ×4, Hartley SIM continuous with other, but their authors share the attempt to convince us that the characters and events they imagine resemble those we experience in....
Dickens Elliott Bronte's Trollope / actual life
360
What is the experience that Victorian novelists most frequently depict?
The set of social relationships in the middle class society developing around them
361
What kind of society do novelists depict in their novels?
It is a society where the material conditions of Life indicates social position, where money defines opportunity, where social class enforces a powerful sense of stratification, yet where chances for class mobility exist.
362
What is the main concern of the plots of novels in Victorian age?
Most Victorian novels focus and a protagonist whose effort to define his or her place in society is the main concern of the plot
363
What kind of tension does novel construct?
The novel constructs attention between surrounding social conditions and The aspiration of the hero or heroine, wether it be for love, social position, a life adequate his or her imagination
364
This tension makes the novel the..... to use in portraying women's struggle for...... In the context of the... imposed upon her.
Natural form / self-realization / constraints
365
For both men and women writers, the heroine is often the representative.... Whose search for ..... and emblematizes the.....
Protagonist, fulfillment, human condition
366
Who's the author of The prelude to the Middlemarch?
George Eliot
367
Who's judgement the great heroines of Victorian fiction seem to illustrate?
George Elliott's judgement in the prelude to metal March.
" A certain spiritual grandeur ill-matched with minutes of opportunity "
368
Which authors helped define the genre of novel?
Jane Austen , the bronte's ,Elizabeth Gaskell ,George Elliott
369
Who was the person that told Charlotte Bronte literature cannot be the Business of a woman's life?
The poet laureate Robert Southy
370
How did Charlotte Bronte keep his letter?
Charlotte Bronte put his letter with one other from Saudi in an envelope with the inscription "Southy's advice to be kept forever my 20 first birthday"
371
Why was novel famous among the women writers?
Because it concerned that domestic life that women knew well: courtship, family relationships, marriage. And it was a popular form whose market women could inter easily.
372
Novel did not carry the burden of an augustus..... as poetry did, nor did it build on the learning of a .......
Tradition / university education
373
Who is George Henry Lewes?
George Elliott's common law husband
374
What did George Henry Lewes declare about women writing novels? In what essay?
In his essay " The Lady Novelists"
The advent of female literature promises women's view of life, women's experience.
375
How various was Victorian novel?
It was extraordinarily various. It's income past a wealth of a styles and genres from the extravagant comedy of Dickens to the gothic romances of the brontë sisters, from the satire of Thackeray to the probing psychological fiction of Elliot, from the social and political realism of Trollope to the sensation novels of Wilkie Collins.
376
What popular genres did later in the century develop?
Crime, mystery, and horror novels, as well as science fiction and detective stories.
377
There was not a social topic that the novel did not address
It's true
378
...,.... Tried to stimulate efforts for..... Through their depiction of......
Dickens, Gaskell, social reform, social problems
379
How did Joseph Conrad define the novel?
A defined the novel in a way that could have speak for the Victorians: what is a novel if not a conviction of our filaments existence strong enough to take upon itself a form of imagined life clearer than reality and whose accumulated verisimilitude of selected episodes puts the shame the pride of documentary history
380
For the Victorians the novel was both a principal form of........ and a spur to .....
Entertainment, social sympathy
381
Victorian poetry developed in the context of the....
Novel
382
How did poetry develop in the context of the novel?
As the novel emerged as the dominant form of literature, poets sought new ways of telling stories in verse
383
Come up with some examples in which poets come up with new ways of telling stories in verse instead of prose as in novels?
Tennyson's Maud, Elizabeth Barrett browning's Aurora Leigh, Robert browning's the Ring and the book, and Arthur Hugh Clough's Amours de Voyage,
384
What did Matthew Arnold think should be the subject of a long poem? What did Elizabeth Barrett Browning think? What did others think?
Some poets like Matthew Arnold thought that poets should use the heroic materials of the past.
But others like Elizabeth Barrett Browning felt that poets should represent "their age not Charlamagne's"
Some poets also experimented with character and perspective.
385
What is the book amorous The Voyage about?
It is a long epistolary poem that tells the story of a failed romance through letters written by its various characters
386
What is the book The Ring and the book about?
Presents its plot as an old Italian murder story through 10 different perspective
387
Victorian poetry also developed in the shadow of...
Romanticism
388
Why did many readers regarded poets from romantic poetry as their contemporaries although it was the year of 1837?
By 1837 when Victoria is send at the throne all the major romantic poets except William Wordsworth were dead but they had die Young so many readers still regarded them as their contemporaries
389
All the Victorian poets show their strong influence of the....., but they cannot sustain the confidence that the romantics felt in the power of the.......
Romantics, imagination
390
The Victorians often rewrite romantic poems with a sense of ...and...
Bulletedness and distance
391
Can per one of Arnold's poems with one of Wordsworth's?
When in his poem resignation Arnold addresses his sister upon revisiting the landscape much as Wordsworth had addressed his sister into in Tintern Abbey he told her "the rocks and a sky seemed to Burr rather than rejoice"
392
How does Tennyson frequently represent his Muse?
Tennyson frequently represents his muse as an embarrassed woman, cut off from the world and doomed to death.
393
Who are the speakers of Browning's poems?
The speakers of Browning's poems who embrace the visions that their imaginations present are madmen.
394
When Thomas Hardy writes...... In December 1900, Keat's Nightingale has become ..........
The darkling thrush / an aged, thrush, frail, gaunt, and a small
395
Which poets attenuated romanticism? What was their motto?
Dante Gabriel Rosetti, Algernon Charles Swinburne
396
Why did Arnold give up on writing poems?
He decided that the present age lacks the culture necessary to support great poetry
397
Reacting against what he sees as the...... Of an allegory of this state of one's own mind as the basis of ....., Arnold seeks an ...... Basis for poetic......
Insufficiency, poetry, objective, emotion
398
The more fruitful reaction to the.... A romantic poetry was not Arnold but .....'s
Subjectivity, Browning
399
Turning from the mode of his early poetry, modeled on ......, browning began writing ........ .
Percy Shelley, dramatic monologues
400
What are dramatic monologues in Browning's mind?
Poems that are "lyric in expression" but "dramatic in principle and so many utterances of so many imaginary persons, not mine"
401
..... simultaneously developed a more lyric form of the dramatic monologue
Tennyson
402
What is the great achievement of Victorian poetry?
The idea of creating a lyric poem in the voice of a speaker ironically distinct from the poet is the great achievement of Victorian poetry, one developed extensively in the 20th century
403
Who's the writer of The book in poetry and the age?
Randall Jarrell
404
What fact does Randall Jarrell acknowledge in his book poetry and the age?
The dramatic monologue which ones had depended for its effect upon being a departure from the norm of poetry now became in one four or other the norm
405
The formal experimentation of Victorian poetry, both in..... and in the......., may make it seem electric but Victorian poetry shares a number of characteristics
Long narrative , dramatic monologue
406
Victorian poetry tends to be....., using detail to construct...... That represent the..... or ...... The poem concerns
Pictorial, visual images, emotion, situation
407
Who defines this kind of poetry as picturesque? What does picturesque mean?
In his review of tennyson's first volume of poetry, Arthur Henry hallam defines this kind of poetry as picturesque, as combining visual impressions in such a way that they create a picture that carries the dominant emotion of the poem.
408
This aesthetic brains....and..... close together.
Poet, painter
409
Contemporary artists frequently illustrated Victorian...., and poems themselves often present......
Poems, painting
410
Victorian poetry also uses
...in a distinctive way
Sound
411
What does the sound of Victorian poetry reflect?
It reflects an attempt to use poetry as a medium with a presence almost independent of sense.
412
How does Tennyson use distinctive sounds in Victorian poetry?
It can be the mellifluousness of Tennyson or Swinburne, with its emphasis and beautiful cadences, alliteration, and vowel sounds
413
How did Browning or Gerard Manley Hopkins use the sounds in Victorian poetry?
Roughness adopted in part in reaction against Tennyson
414
How is the resulting style in sounds of Victorian poetry?
The resulting style can be so syntactically elaborate that is easy to parody, as in Hopkin's description of browning as a man " bouncing up from table with his mouth full of bread and cheese" or TS Eliot's criticism of Swinburne's poetry, where " meaning is merely the hallucination of meaning"
415
Why do Victorian poets use sound?
The youth sound to convey meaning
416
Who has said this line?
Where words would not, the tone becomes the sign of the feeling
It's in Hallam's review of Tennyson
417
Victorian poets seek to represent.... In a different way
Psychology
418
What is the Victorian poets most distinctive achievement
A poetry of a mood and character
419
They sat in an easy relationship to the public expectation that poets should be ..... with something to teach.
Sages
420
Which poets showed varying discomfort with this public role of being a sage?
Tennyson Browning and Arnold
421
Poets beginning to write in the second half of the century.... themselves from their public by embracing and identity as.......
Distanced, bohemian rebels
422
Women poets in countered the same set of difficulties in developing their poetic voice
False
they encountered a different set of difficulties
423
How does Barrett Browning show the prejudice of an age in one of his / her poems?
When in Barrett Browning's epic about the growth of a woman poet, Aurora Leigh's cousin Romney discourages her poetic ambitions by telling her that "women are weak for art" but a "strong for life and duty".
424
In what do women poets view their vocation?
In the context of the constraints and expectations upon their sex
425
Why are women poems less complicated by the experiments in perspective than those of their male contemporaries?
Because women poets view their vocation in the context of the constraints and expectation upon their sex and there have been a lot of prejudices about their sex
426
Adult Victorian poets felt..... About the didactic mission the public expected of the......, writers of ...... prose and the specifically to.....
Ambivalent, men of the letters, non-fictional, instruct
427
Although the term.... is clumsy and not quite exact, it has its uses not only to distinguish these prose writers from the ...... but also to indicate the centrality of..... and...... to Victorian intellectual life
Non-fictional prose, novelists, argument , persuasion
428
What terms did Victorians themselves use instead of nonfictional prose?
The Victorians themselves to referred instead to history, biography, theology, criticism
429
What provided the vehicle and marketplace for non-fictional prose?
The growth of the periodical press
430
What does nonfictional prose reflect?
It reflects a vigorous sense of shirt intellectual life and the public urgency of social and moral issues
431
What do writers seek to convince their readers for؟
To share their convictions and values on a wide range of controversial topics: the latest political and aesthetic topics
432
Such writers, the ones who wanted to instruct people and convince them to share their values and conventions, seem at times almost... priests
Secular
433
Who's the author of this book: On heroes, hero worship, and the heroic and history
Thomas Carlyle
434
What does Carlisle define in the fifth lecture of on heroes hero worship and the heroic in history?
He defines the writer
435
Who's the author of this line:
Man of letters or a perpetual priesthood, from age to age ,teaching all men that God is still present in their life..... in the true literary man, there is thus ever, acknowledged or not by world a sacredness
Thomas described the writer precisely in these terms in the fifth lecture of on heroes hero worship and the heroican history
436
Who's the author of this line?
Never, till about 100 years ago , was there seen any figure of a great soul living apart in that anamolous manner; endeavouring to speak forth the inspiration that was in him by Printed Books , and find place and subsistence by what the world would please him for doing that.
Thomas Carlisle said this to remark that the modern man of letters differ from his earlier counterpart in that he writes for money
437
What is the quintessential Victorian form?
The combination of a new market position for non-fictional writing and an exalted sense of the didactic function of the writer
438
Who said this line where and about what?
On behalf of non-fictional prose, Walter Pater argued in his essay "style" that it was the special and opportune art of the modern world
439
Walter pay believed that non-fictional pros was superior to verse
False he did not believe that
440
Despite the diversity of....and....., Victorian prose writers were engaged in shaping .... in a bewilderingly complex and changing world.
Styles, subjects, belief
441
....' characterization of prose helps us understand what its writers were attempting to do.
Walter Pater
442
How do the modes of persuasion of Victorian prose writers differ? What do they have in common?
Mill and Huxley: they rely on clear reasoning, logical argument, and the kind of lucid-style favored by essayist of the 18th century.
Carlyle and Ruskin: they write a prose that is more romantic in character that six to move readers as well as convinced them
Whatever the differences in their rhetorical techniques, they share and urgency of exposition
443
What did Walter Pater think of non-fictional prose?
He thought that it more readily conveys the chaotic variety and complexity of modern life, the incalculable intellectual diversity of the master currents of the present time
444
445
Not only by what they said but by how they said it Victorian pros writers were claiming a place for literature in a .... and ... culture
Scientific, materialistic
446
Who developed the basis for the claims of modern literary criticism?
Arnold and Pater
447
What did Arnold and Pater share as an explicit aim?
They were claiming a place for literature in a scientific and materialistic culture
448
What is culture?
The intensely serious appreciation of great works of literature
449
Arnold and Peter each in his own way argues that culture provides the kind of.....
449
What did Arnold and Pater share as an explicit aim?
They were claiming a place for literature in a scientific and materialistic culture
450
Victorian plays whereas good as its poetry pros and novels
Victorian plays weren't as great as the other works at least until the final decade of the century
450
Play writing and theatrical activities were the same at that time
False.
we must distinguish between playwriting and the one hand and theatrical activity on the other hand
451
How were the situations of theaters throughout the period?
It was a flourishing and popular institution in which our performed not merely conventional dramas but a rich variety of theatrical entertainment many with lavishes spectacular effects like burlesque extravagances highly scenic and altered versions of Shakespeare plays melodramas pantomimes and musicals
452
Who said this? Why?
In the decade between 1850 and 1860 the number of theaters built throughout the country was doubled and in the middle of the 60s in London alone 150000 would be attending the theater on any given day. Only when we realized that the theater was to Victorian England what television is to us today will we be able to comprehend both it's wider peel and it's limited artistic achievement
Robert Corrigan gave figures to suggest the extent of the popularity of such entertainment as theater
453
How was the influence of theater on other genres?
The popularity of theatrical entertainment made theater a powerful influence on other genres
454
...., .... and.... Try their hands and writing place though with no commercial success
Tennyson browning and Henry James
455
How did Dickens feel about theater?
Because was devoted to the theater and composed many of the scenes of his novels with theatrical techniques
456
How was Thackeray's relationship with theater?
He represents himself as the puppet master of his characters in vanity fair and employs the stock gestures and expressions of melodramatic acting in his illustrations for the novel.
457
Who was the period's most prolific and popular dramatist?
Dion Boucicault
458
By who were the successful plays and stage written?
Dion Boucicault
459
What's " topsyturvydom"?
The comic operas of WS Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan of Victorian values and institutions are called topsyturvydom, by Gilbert himself
460
What made the comic operas of WS Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan delightful?
Their grave and quasi-respectful treatment of the ridiculous not only make them delightful in themselves but anticipate the techniques of Shaw and Wilder
461
Who's the author of problem plays?
Arthur pinero and Bernard Shaw began writing problem plays, which address difficult social issues
462
In the 1890s ..... and ..... transformed British theater with their common masterpieces
Shaw and Oscar Wilde
463
Although they did not like each other's work they both created a kind of comedy that took aim at Victorian... and...
Shaw and Oscar Wilde, Pretense and hypocrisy
464
How are the reactions of Victoria writers to the fast-paced expansion of England?
Different. E.g: Thomas babington Macaulay released this spectacle with a strenuous enthusiasm.
465
How were Thomas Babington Macaulay's writings?
During the prosperous 1850s his essays and histories with their recitations of the statistics of industrial growth constitute aim to progress as well as a celebration of superior qualities of English people
466
Who called English people the greatest and most highly civilized people that ever the world saw?
Thomas Babington Macaulay
467
But other writers unlike Thomas Babington Macaulay felt that leadership in commerce and industry was being paid for at a terrible price in......
Human happiness
468
Those riders thought that is so-called progress had been gained only by abandoning traditional rhythms of .... and traditional patterns of.....
Life, human relationships
469
What are strikes the note of human happiness being the cost of a leadership in commerce and industry?
Matthew Arnold's melancholy
470
How how are the reactions of many Victorians of the growth of England
Many of them shared a sense of satisfaction in the industrial and political preeminence of England during the period but some of them suffered from an anxious sense of something lost
471
Explain the sense of something lost
A sense of being displaced persons in a world made alien by technological changes that had been exploited too quickly for the adaptive powers of the human psyche
472
What are the Victorian qualities?
Earnestness, domestic propriety, moral responsibility
473
Who wrote this line:
I'm worn the safe and motherly old middle-class Queen, who held the nationworm under the fold of her big hideous Scotch blade shawl
Henry James
474
What aided in making her the icon she became? ?
Changes in the reproduction of visual images
475
She's the second British monarch of whom we have photographs
False she's the first one
476
What facilities had her representing her country's sense of itself during her rate
Her pictures and the ease and cheapness with which they were reproduced
477
Victoria came to the throne in a decade that does seem to mark a different...... Among Britain's writers
Historical consciousness
478
Who's the author of this line?
We are living in an age of transition
John Stewart Mill
479
What did writers of the 30s share?
Ado the historical changes that created the England of the 1830s had been in progress for many decades, writers of the 30s shared a sharp nuisance of modernity, of a break with the past, of historical self-consciousness
480
How did the writers of the 30s responded to their sense of the historical moment?
The responded to their sense of the historical moment with a strenuous call to action that they self-consciously distinguished from the attitude of the previous generation
481
Who's the author of this line?
"The old has passed away but Alice the new appears not in its stead the time is still in pangs of travail with the new"
Thomas Carlyle
482
Whose words are these?
"Close the Byron open like Goethe"
Thomas Carlyle in early-Victorian
483
What did Thomas Carlyle mean when he said close thy Byron and opened thy Goethe?
He was saying in effect, to abandon the introperspection of The romantics and to turn to the higher moral purpose that he found in Goethe
484
Who's the author of the book England and the English 1833
Edward Rulwer-Lytton
485
Whose words are these?
When Byron passed away we turn to the actual and practical career of life we awoke from the morbid the dreaming the moonlight and dimness of the mind and by a natural reaction addressed ourselves to the active and daily objects which lay before us
Edward Rulwer-Lytton in his England and the English 1833
486
Why did writers define their age as Victorian?
The sense of historical self-consciousness, of strenuous social enterprise, and of growing national achievement led writers as early as the 1850s and 1860s to define their age as Victorian
487
What sustained the concept of a distinctive historical period that writers defined even as they lived it?
The very fact that Victoria reigned for so long
488
When did a reaction develop against many of the achievements of the Victorian age?
When Queen Victoria died in 1901
489
How did people and writers from 20th century consider the Victorian age?
In the earlier decades of the 20th century, writers took pains to separate themselves from the Victorians. It was then the fashion for most literary critics to treat their Victorian predecessors as somewhat absurd creatures, complacent prigs with whose way of life they had little in common
490
Who's the author of the work eminent Victorians?
Lytton Strachey
491
What is the book Orlando by Virginia Woold about?
It's about a fictionalized survey of English literature from Elizabeth times to 1928, in which the Victorians are presented in terms of dampness, rain, and proliferating vegetation.
492
What did the author talk about in the book eminent Victorians?
Writers of the Georgian period took great delight in puncturing over inflated Victorian balloons, as Lytton Strachey, one member of Virginia wolves circle, dead in eminent Victorians
493
Who's the author of the work Orlando 1928?
Virginia Woolf
494
What does this witty description indicate?
Ivy grew....
This willy description not only identifies a distinguished quality of Victorian life and literature but reveals the authors this taste for its smothering profusion
495
How did the writers of 20th century c the literature of Victorian age?
A superabundant energy
496
Growing up under such towering shadows Virginia Woolf and her generation mocked their..... To make them less....
Predecessors/intimidating
497
Who's the author of the book portraits from life?
Ford Maddox ford
498
Who likened the works of Carlisle and Ruskin to an overpowering range of high mountains?
In his reminiscences portrayed from life 1937 the novelist Ford Maddox Ford recalled his feelings of terror when he confronted the works of Carlisle and Ruskin which he likened to an overpowering range of high mountains
