Video 1 Flashcards
(18 cards)
Description
*A collection of facts about the observed event(s) that can be quantified, classified & examined for possible similarities to other known facts (“I know what the bx looks/ sounds like”)
Prediction
*Repeated observations reveal that observing other events can consistently result in accurately anticipating an outcome. (“I know when the bx will occur.”)
Control
*A specific change in one event can be reliably produced by scientific manipulation of another event. This change is not due to other factors or variables, (I can turn this on & off like a light switch.”)
Kelly hugged her mom 5 times a day and each time she hugged her she reciprocated with a kiss on the forehead. Which scientific level of understanding does this exemplify?
a. Prediction
b. Description
c. Verification
d. Control
b. Description
In a classroom students that were given breaks every 20 min exhibited 0 instances of out-of-seat bx. When breaks were given every 45 min out of seat bx increased by 80%. This was repeated many times yielding the same results. Which level of scientific understanding does this exemplify?
A. Description
B. Prediction
C. Control
D. Verification
C. Control
You are a BCBA who observes her client, Kelly ask to go to the water fountain during snack timer when her mom forgets to pack a juice box. You observe Kelly ask the teacher to go get a drink of water on these days. A week passes & you go back to observe Kelly’s bx, you notice her mom did not pack her a juice box. You then expect her to ask to go for a drink at the water fountain. This best exemplifies:
A. Description
B. Prediction
C. Control
d. Believability
B. Prediction
Selectionism
All life forms naturally & continually evolve through their learning history & evolutionary development. This happens at an individual level & also on a species level
- Founded in both Darwin’s and The idea of Selection or Selectionism, is part of B.B. Skinner’s explanation for the origin & extinction of bx
- Selectionistic explanations of bx are based on the experiences of the organism. Bx is selected to continue or to be extinguished based on that individual’s experiences, based on the consequences to their bx
3 Types of Selectionism
- Phylogenic: Is about how the natural evolution of a species occurs particularly in ways that are based on contingencies necessary for survival of the species. Think Darwinism
- Ontogenic: is about the development of an organism based on individual experiences with contingencies that result in punishment/ RX. This is based on consequences
- Cultural: refers to the displacement of bus from 1 member to another within a group of individuals, This can occur through learning processes
Determinism
Is based on cause & effect relations & lawfulness. Everything can be determined
- Is one of the primary characteristics of ABA & is based on cause & effect relation & lawfulness. Everything can be determined
- Assumes that all Bx is the result of certain events. Once these events are identified, future occurrences of a bx can be modified
Empiricism
Is based on facts, observation, & experimentation: The practice of objective observation of the phenomena of interest. Focusing on experiments. Refers to a type of research activity that involves changing only 1 component of an individual’s Env (IV) to see its effect on some specified bx (DV) experimental analysis of bx (EAB). Skinner->Rat-> found relation btw IV & DV
Experimentation
Manipulation of variables & taking measurements & collecting data yields ans. When you are experimenting, you are conducting an experiment
- Practice of objective observation of the phenomena of interest. Focusing on experiments. Refers to a type of research activity that involves changing only one component of an individual’s Env (IV) to see its effect on some specified bx (DV) experimental analysis of bx (EAB)
- E.g. Skinner obtained info about bx by observing how lab rats responded when given Rx. His observations proved that there was a direct correlation btw the IV & DV
Replication
Experiments can be repeated to check for errors & ensure that data was collected reliably. Replication is the act of repeating an experiment with the SAME results
Parsimony
The simplest & most logical explanation is often the correct explanation
-Ruling out all simple, logical explanations before considering more complex or abstract explanations. “The simplest explanation should be the 1st explanation”
Philosophical Doubt
A true scientist maintains doubt & seeks the truth through scientific means. Continue to ques the truth of what s regarded as fact. Exercising Philosophical doubt means having a very open & very critical mind
Pragmatism
The philosophical attitude that something has value, or is true to the extent that it leads to successful outcomes when practically applied (“Truth is an effective action). Think socially significant bus. In ABA we seek to increase socially significant bus which are in essence the most practical.
E.g. Applying an intervention applies new more effective and BCBA agrees new intervention is more successful.
Hailey a BCBA was working with her client Kim. Kim is a 16 yr old adolescent who has been taught daily living skills in order to dress herself & sit at the table to eat dinner, This exemplifies which if the following philosophical assumes Bx analysis?
A. Philosophical Doubt
B. Pragmatism
C. Parsimony
D. Empiricism
B. Pragmatism
Tommy obtained info about Bx by observing how Lily responded when given Rx. His observations proved that there was a direct correlation btw the Iv & the DV. This best exemplifies:
A. Pragmatism
B. Effective
C. Empiricism
D. Philosophical Doubt
C. Empiricism
Radical Behaviorism
- A branch of behaviorism that includes thoughts & feelings in addition to observable behavioral events. (Distinguished from methodological behaviorism)
- The result of operation conditioning (learning through consequences)
- Developed by B.F. Skinner 1938
- Skinner based Radical Bx off of Darwinian Selectionism & Pragmatism (20min)
