In what patients is more common the supratentorial tumors?
1) Adults: Supratentorial.
2) children: Infratentorial.
What are the principals causes of tumor in adults?
MGM Studios. Metastasis, Glioblastoma, Meningioma, Schwannoma.
Which is the most common primary brain tumor in adults?
Glioblastoma.
What grade of the astrocytoma is the Glioblastoma?
Grade IV astrocytoma.
How is the prognosis in a patient who has a Glioblastoma?
Very poor prognosis, it is the highly malignant number one brain tumor.
How long is the life expectancy on a patient with Glioblastoma?
From 6 months to 1 year, it is rapidly progressive.
Where is the more common localization of Glioblastoma?
Located in cerebral hemisphere.
What can we see in the histological of the Glioblastoma?
“Pseudopalisading” pleomorphic tumor cells -border central areas of necrosis and hemorrhage.
Stain Astrocytes for GFAP…
Glioblastoma
What is the second most common primary brain tumor in adults?
Meningioma
Which are the characteristics of the Meningioma?
1) Slow growing.
2) Originates in arachnoid cells.
3) Located near surface of brain.
4) Often resectable and/or Radiosurgery.
What are the histological features of the Meningioma?
1) Spindle cells concentrically arranged in a whorle pattern.
2) Psammoma bodies (laminated calcifications).
What is the third most common brain tumor in adults?
Schwannoma.
What is the name of the Schwannoma when this localized in CN VIII?
Acoustic schannomas, vestibular Schwannoma or acoustic neuroma.
What is the definition of Schwannoma?
Benign nerve sheath tumor of Schwann cells
What is the percentage of the brain tumors that is primary and which is for metastasis?
50% Primary & 50% Metastasis.
What tumor marker appears in Schwannoma?
S-100
Histology: “Fried egg” - round nuclei with clear cytoplasm.
Oligodendroglioma.
Which are the characteristics of oligodendroglioma?
1) Slow growing.
2) Most often in frontal lobes.
3) “chicken-wire” capillary pattern.
Which brain tumor secretes pituitary hormone?
Prolactin: Hypogonadism.
Growth hormone: Acromegaly
+ bitemporal hemianopia (compression of optic chiasm leads it’s).
Which are the characteristics in Hemangiblastoma?
1) Most often cerebellar.
2) Can produce erythropoietin (due to polycythemia).
3) associated with Von hippel-lindau syndrome and renal cell carcinoma.
Which is the most common primary brain tumor in childhood?
Pilocytic (low grade) astrocytoma.
Which are the characteristics of the pilocytic astrocytoma?
1) Well circumscribed.
2) Most often found in posterior fossa.
3) Elevated GFAP.
4) Benign, good prognosis.
What is the tumor marker of the pilocytic astrocytoma?
GFAP
What histological feature do we found in pilocytic astrocytoma?
Rosenthal fiber -Elsinophilic, corkscrew fibers.
Which are the characteristics of the medulloblastoma?
1) Highly malignant cerebellar tumor.
2) Compress fourth ventricle, cause hydrocephalus.
3) can send “drop metastases” to spinal cord.
4) Homer-Wright rosettes.
In which pathology can we found Homer-Wright rosettes?
Medulloblastoma., small blue cells.
What is perivascular pseudorosette found it in ependymoma?
Circular arrangement of tumor cells with a vessel in the center.
Homer-Wright rosette.
Medulloblastoma
Perivascular pseudoresette.
Ependymoma.
What is the most common childhood supratentorial tumor?
Craniopharyngioma.
Which tumor derived from remnants of Ratke pouch?
Craniopharyngioma, calcification is common.
Adult tumor, whirled pattern, Psammoma bodies.
Meningioma.
Pediatric brain tumor, fourth ventricle compression, perivascular rosettes.
Ependymoma.
S-100 (+), associated with CN VIII, Neurofibromatosis type II.
Schwannoma.
Derived from rathke’s pouch, pediatric supratentorial tumor, bitemporal hemianopsia.
Craniopharyngioma
Bitemporal hemianopsia, amenorrhea, decreased libido, secretes prolactin.
Prolactinoma
Stain with GFAP, pseudopalisading necrosis, number one in adults.
Glioblastoma
Elevated GFAP, rosenthal fibers, number one pediatric tumor.
Pilocytic astrocytoma
Cerebellar tumor, fourth ventricle compression, homer-wright rosettes.
Medulloblastoma.
Cerebellar tumor, polycythemia, Von hippel-lindau syndrome
Hemangiblastoma
Slow growing, frontal lobes, perinuclear cytoplasmic clearing.
Oligodendroglioma
Which primary brain tumor fits with Pseudopalisading necrosis?
Glioblastoma.
Which primary brain tumor fits with polycythemia?
Hemangiblastoma
Which primary brain tumor fits Neurofibromatosis type 2?
Schwannoma.
Which primary brain tumor is associated with Von hippel-lindau syndrome?
Hemangiblastoma
Which primary brain tumor fits with foamy cells, high vascularity?
Hemangiblastoma
Which primary brain tumor fits with hyperprolactinemia (galactorrhea, amenorrhea, anovulation)?
Pituitary adenoma.
Which primary brain tumor fits Psammoma bodies?
Meningioma
Which primary brain tumor fits with fried-egg appearance?
Oligodendroglioma
Which primary brain tumor fits with perivascular pseudorosette?
Ependymoma
Which primary brain tumor fits with bitemporal hemianopia?
Pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma.
Which primary brain tumor fits with worst prognosis of any primary brain tumor?
Glioblastoma
Which primary brain tumor fits with child with hydrocephalus?
Medulloblastoma, ependymoma.
Which primary brain tumor fits with Homer-wright pseudorosette?
Medulloblastoma.