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VIDEO PRODUCTION WORKFLOW AND CAMERA SETTINGS Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

What is pre-production

A

The planning and technical considerations/ constraints

The planing includes:
Content Development
* Style/Genre
* Scripting
* Logistics

Technical considerations/constraints:
Type of camera (image size / resolution / frame rate / lenses etc)
Location (lighting / noise / traffic etc)
Audio (audio elements / equipment etc)

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2
Q

What is production

A

The Filming Process
* Setup/preparation
* Shoot according to plan

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3
Q

post production has (2 point)

A

Visual Post - editing
* Assembly
* Video layers
* Transitions
* Graphics and Effects

Audio Post
* Audio layers
* Transitions
* Effects
* Equalisation
* Mix and Balance

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4
Q

What is the visual narratives

A
  • Simplified or Magnified ???
  • One-Man operation
  • Experience the whole vid workflow
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5
Q

aspect ratio for a stills/video is (standered)

A

16:9 - standered
landscape

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6
Q

What is a host platform

A

IG / FB / Youtube

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7
Q

What is the sensor size from small to big

A

SD - 576 or 480
FHD - 1080
4k UHD - 2160
5K UHD - 2880
8K UHD - 4320

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8
Q

What is aperture

A

the
opening of the
lenses in which
light passes
through the
camera.

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9
Q

Small aperture means

A

More depth of field - sharper for everything(even the bg is sharp)

f - faction
f/16,f/11,f/8 - bigger the no. the smaller the opening(Lens smaller) - less light needed

slow aperture - less light and requires a slower (longer) shutter speed.

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10
Q

big aperture means

A

bigger area of opening.
- fast aperture (more light and requires a fast shutter speed)

shallow DOF - only the focused area is sharp and the out-of-focus area will be blur

f/5.6,f/4,f/2.8 - the lower the no. the bigger

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11
Q

Which aperture overexposes and underexposes video

A

small aperture - under
big aperture - over

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12
Q

what is ISO

A

the sensitivity of the sensor.

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13
Q

The higher/faster the ISO the

A

less light is needed to expose the image.

higher sensitivity

creates MORE grains/noise

bigger the number the higher the ISO

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14
Q

The lower/slower the ISO the

A

less sensitive

longer exposure or/and a bigger aperture needed

used in bright situatuons or when fine detials are required - more light

smaller the no. the lower the ISO

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15
Q

What factor affects the exposure

A

ISO settings and Shutter speed combined with
Aperture, controls
exposure levels.

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16
Q

what is shutter speed

A

time taken for
the camera to
capture the image
onto the sensor, or
the time taken to
expose the image.

controls the amount of light
by the length of time it
remains open

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17
Q

Slow shutter

A

less light to pass through

1/30,1/15 - smaller the no the slower

Used for low light conditions or blur movement - less light

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18
Q

fast shutter

A

1/250,1/500,1/100 - bigger the faster

freese a movement

allow lesser light to pass through -(need bright space/ more light)

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19
Q

shutter speed affects

A

exposure

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20
Q

we adjust shuttter spped to react to

A

motion

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21
Q

what is Depth of field determined by

A

Aperture and Focal
Length

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22
Q

the shaper the image the DOF is

A

Aperture smaller lens

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23
Q

whta is the Importance of FOCUS

A

Guide your audience to the subject of interest
* Provide sharpness and detail
* Create aesthetics to image

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24
Q

white balance: Camera vs Eye.

the camera needs …. and the techinal considerations are

A

Camera need a reference (RGB)

need to be “told” how to determine the correct colours in an image in order to achieve the colour spectrum of the environment

Technical considerations
* Once reference is obtained, the correct colours of the spectrum will be displayed
* Different colour temperatures: Tones
* Affects mood and emotions

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25
white balance will determine the
atmosphere of the shots
26
Shot size: what is the improtance of shot variations
Guide your audience to the subject of interest * Use shot sizes to give details the subject and the environment
27
TYPES OF SHOT SIZES
Extreme Wide Shot / Wide Shot (EWS/WS) * Revealing of environment * Establish location * Creates distance between subject and environment Full Shot / Long Shot (FS/LS) * Subject fills the frame from head to toe * Shows connection between subject and background Medium Long Shot (MLS) * Bottom frame ends somewhere at the knees. * Mid-point between a FS and MS Medium Shot (MS) * Bottom frame ends somewhere at the waist. * Emphasis on subject Medium Close Up (MCU) * Bottom frame ends somewhere at the chest. * Emphasis on face Close Up (CU) * Bottom frame ends somewhere at the collar bone. * Emphasis on emotions Extreme Close Up (ECU) * Fills the entire frame with the subject * Reveals immaculate details
28
Framing types
Rules of Thirds * The Golden Ratio
29
Lighting: Camera vs Eye our eyes... camera needs
Our eyes compensate for changes in light & colour, the camera doesn’t * The camera needs some lighting values for exposure
30
Roles of ligihting lighitng is determine....
tonal differences, outline, colour, texture, depth, compositional relationships, balance and contrast
31
The aims opf lighting is
To adequately expose image * To communicate the visual message by guiding the audience’s attention * Create mood and atmosphere
32
How to Achieve good lighting
Camera's position * Subject and background contrast * Natural vs artificial sources of light
33
what is the charateristics of light
Hard / Soft * Incident or reflected
34
Aesthetics is to
* Creates mood and atmosphere * Influence the perception of the audience
35
NARRATIVE LIGHTING STYLES of 3 point light
* Key light * Main lighting source * Fill light * Creates contrast * Back light * Separates subject from background
36
exposure is to achieve a
minimum level for the camera to capture black details
37
dynamic range is the
maximum allowable white level before over-exposure and the minimum level of black details. (Grey Scale)
38
Contrast is the
The balance of light levels between fore/mid/back ground * Less balance (high contrast) / more balance (low contrast)
39
natural lighintg pro and cons
PROS Cheap and fast * Authentic CONS * Natural light levels/intensity fluctuates * Natural light colour fluctuates * Not ideal if filming occurs over an extended period
40
types of audio elements in film
DIALOGUE / LIVE AUDIO * MUSIC * SOUND EFFECTS * THE MIX
41
Cinematic dialogue is
oral speech between fictional characters. This distinguishes dialogue from other types of cinematic language such as voice-over narration, internal monologue, or documentary interviews, which have different characteristics.
42
2 ways Dialogues could be recored
on location, or re-recorded in a controlled environment (ADR)
43
what can music do for film how does filmmakers use it
tell the story and explain the plot. also used to expose feelings of characters, actions, tensions, and even horror. create a convincing atmosphere for the situation and can turn a good film into a great one. filmmakers use it to build the tone and mood of a film
44
Background music/underscoring adds to
mood of the scene, reinforcing dramatic developments and aspects of character.
45
Sound Effects and Sound Design can be categorised into
Hard Sound Effects (Gun Shots, Explosion, Car crashes) - Background Sound Effects (Ambience, crowd chatters) - Foley (Footsteps, Opening of Doors) - Designed Sound Effects (Spaceships, Space Weapons, Light Sabre)
46
importance of sound effects
adds realism to the characters and scenes within the film gives the audience a feel of realism
47
Voice over is the
non-diegetic use of a character or narrator talking over the visuals of a film or television show.
48
VO could be a
“voice in the head” by the characters of a film or it could be describing what the scene is about, or to tell the backstory of the visuals
49
VO are widely used in
documentary films
50
Continuity editing create the
illusion of smooth continuous action and helps to keep the audiences' attention to the story
51
Non-continuity editing
shots are mismatched to disrupt the impression of time and space * eg. Montage, Flashbacks
52
Non-Linear Video Editing(NLVE) apps are and allows the editor to
Adobe Premiere Pro * Mobile Video Editing Apps (eg. CapCut) make changes to a video or audio project without regard to the linear timeline, does not modify or delete the original content (unless for some reasons, the original files were overwritten or replaced accidentally)
53
When export do not
use the exact same filename as any of your original footages
54
To create a new project in PR
file > new > project
55
creating a “Sequence”
Either use the “Drag and Drop method” or - Create from File > New > Sequence
56
view a clip in the Source Monitor
double-click the clip in the Project Panel. Using the Source Monitor, you can view clips, set edit points, and mark frames (“I” to Mark In, “O” to Mark Out) before adding clips to a sequence. Refine sequences by manipulating clips in the Timeline panel.
57
Add clips to a sequence in the Timeline panel
dragging them from the Project Panel, or by using the Insert (the comma key) or Overwrite buttons (the full stop key).
58
Effects and Transitions
window>effects PR has many many in-built effects Some are fixed effects (effects that are pre-applied or built-in). * Some are standard effects that you apply to a clip. * Effects can also be clip-based (applied to a clip), or track-based (For Audio Tracks, applied to a track). * You can also use effects created by external manufacturers as a plug-in in Premiere Pro
59
TO add trsnsiton between clips to smmothly move from 1 clip to antoher
The Effects panel includes an extensive list of transitions and effects you can apply.
60
Add an effect or transition to a clip in the Timeline panel by dragging it from the Effects panel
Adjust the effect, duration, and alignment using the Effects Control panel.
61
Adding titles
select an existing motion graphic template from Premiere Pro. or also create a title directly in your video using the Type tool in the Program Monitor. Use keyboard shortcuts (Windows: Ctrl+T, macOS: ⌘ +T) to create a new text layer. Type in a title, and then adjust its appearance. Save your title as a Motion Graphics template so it can be reused and shared.
62
Adding timeline markers
Short cut for adding a Marker is “M” * You can place markers to indicate important points in a clip or movie * Markers can help you position, arrange, and synchronize clips. They even let you add comments to the Expert view timeline
63
exporting
Mark the In and Out Point of the sequence to Export * File > Export > Media to switch to Export mode * Set a name and location for the file * Specify the Source Range of the sequence or clip you want to export * Select the file format you want for your exported file * (Optional) Select a preset best suited for your target means of playback, distribution, ie. Twitter, Facebook, Vimeo, and YouTube * To customize the export options, click a heading (for example, Video, Audio) and specify the appropriate options. * Click “Send to Media Encoder” if you want to queue a list of sequences to batch export or Click “Export” to render and export immediately
64
Audio levels are measured in
units called decibels (dB)
65
Audio levels can be represented
graphically on Audio Meters on on Mixers, hardware Audio Meters, or in your Audio Editing softwares
66
DIGITAL AUDIO WORKSTATION (DAW) examples are
Pro Tools, Adobe Audition, Garage Band You can also perform Audio Post Production using Video Editing softwares like Adobe Premiere Pro
67
AUDIO TRACKS IN ADOBE PREMIERE PRO
MUTE Audio Track * SOLO Audio Track * RECORD Voice Overs (with a microphone connected)
68
SEPARATING VIDEO AND AUDIO CLIPS
When you insert a Video Clip that contains Audio, they are “linked” together You can ”UNLINK” them to move them freely, independent of each other Right Click on them to “Unlink
69
ADJUST AUDIO LEVELS IN PREMIERE PRO by using
Audio Gain * Volume Automation and keyframes * Effects Control * Audio Track Mixe
70
Adjust AUDIO GAIN
Right Click on the Audio clips and choose “Audio Gain” You can “Adjust Gain by” a Positive or Negative Number to Increase or Decrease the Audio Gain levels (in dB) or, you can “Set Gain to” a specific Audio level (in dB)
71
VOLUME ANIMATION (adjust the volume level of an Audio Clip or the Entire Audio track or have the volume change over time using the rubber band in an audio track of a Timeline panel)
Clip Keyframes: You can animate audio effects for a clip, including Volume Level. These keyframes only apply to the selected clip. * Track Keyframes: You can animate audio track effects like Volume and Mute. These keyframes apply to the entire track. * Track Panner: You can change a track’s panning
72
VOLUME AUTOMATION
VOLUME AUTOMATION * Expand the audio track by double clicking on it (on any empty space beside the ”Voice-Over Record Button” or below it) * In the audio track header, click the Show Keyframes button Create keyframes by using CTRL+Click (Windows) or ⌘+Click (Mac OS) * You can also create keyframes using the Pen tool (P) * Use either the Selection tool or the Pen tool to move the Volume level rubber band up (increase volume) or down (decrease volume)
73
COPYRIGHT FREE MUSIC
Music that you download from the Internet usually have some form of Copyright attached to them * “Copyright Free Music” are NOT FREE TO USE unless specifically mentioned by the Composer * There are some music that are “Free to use” for Educational or non- commercial projects

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