Violent Asphyxia Flashcards
(36 cards)
Def of Asphyxia
Lack of O2 - but literally means no pulse - hypoxia or anoxia are more accurate.
Classification of Asphyxia
According to mechanism
1-Anoxic anoxia:{next}
2-Anemic anoxia:{next}
3-Stagnant anoxia:
Flow of blood to tissue (advanced Heart failure).
4-Histotoxic (cellular) anoxia (hypoxia):
Diminished ability to utilize O2 (Cyanide).
Types of Anoxic anoxia
- central: (depression in respiratory center).
- peripheral: (paralysis of respiratory muscles).
- mechanical: (Violent Asphyxia).
Types of anemic anoxia
- Abnormal Hb: (COHb in CO poisoning).
* Hemolysis: (incompatible blood transfusion, Naphthalene or Arsine intoxication).
Stages of Asphyxia
1-Stage of dyspnea: response to hypoxia > stimulate respiratory center > ^^ rate and depth with cyanosis.
2-Stage of convulsions:{next}
3-Stage of irregular breathing: IRREVERSIBLE BRAIN DAMAGE > irregular (Chyne-stocks) breathing.
Stage of convulsions
•Cerebral irritation due to anoxia and CO2 accumulation
1-^^ BP > rupture of venules»_space; petechial hge (TARDIEU SPOTS).
2-^^ intra alveolar pressure > rupture of superficial unsupported alveoli»_space; shiny gray spots (SILVERY SPOTS).
Classic signs of Asphyxia (External) ** لونين + حاجتين طالعين على بره
1-(Dark blue) HYPOSTASIS.
2-CYANOSIS (due to accumulation of REDUCED Hb >/= 5gm/100ml in blood)
3-BULGING EYES with subconj hge.
4-protruded TONGUE.
Classic signs of Asphyxia (internal)
1-DARK blood.
2-CONGESTION mucus.
3-TARDIEU SPOTS.
4-SILVERY SPOTS.
Def of Smothering
Violent asphyxia due to OBSTRUCTION of the EXTERNAL ORIFICES by hands or others (pillow).
What is GAGGING (imp)
Adhesive tape occlude the mouth to prevent shouting (as in robbery) + later blockage of nose by mucus or edema»_space; lead to DEATH.
Conditions of Smothering
•Homicidal (COMMON) لازم يكون فيه فرق قوة •Accidental (overlying): -Brest-fed -Infant lie in PRONE position.
Mechanism of death in Smothering
ASPHYXIA
PMP of Smothering
1•General ext and int signs of ASPHYXIA
2•Local:
-outside: semilunar nail abrasions and bruises.(Absent if pillow or glove)
-inside: inner surface contusion (lips cheeks and gums, maybe broken tooth).
3•Struggling: signs of resistance.
Def of Throttling (manual strangulation)
Violent asphyxia due to PRESSURE on the neck by hands (one or both hands/ from front or back).
Conditions of Throttling
Homicidal: specially in WEAK PERSONS. برضه لازم فرق قوة
Accidental: may occur in wrestling sports.
What is MUGGING (imp)
Application of pressure to neck by an ARM CROOKED from the REAR طريقة بستعمل من الشرطة بس ممكن تتعمل غلط وتؤدي للوفاة
Causes of Death
in Throttling
A B C •Asphyxia due to airway occlusion. •Brain anemia due to pressure on (Carotid arteries). •Carotid sinus compression with REFLEX VAGAL INHIBITION.
PMP of Throttling
1-general ext and int signs of Asphyxia.
EXCEPT:death from VAGAL inhibition > Hypostasis is PALE.
2-Local signs:
-outside: semilunar and LINEAR(by victim) abrasions
-inside: contusion of soft tissue
And INWARD FRACTURE of Hyoid bone laryngeal and cricoid cartilages.
3-signs for strangulation.
Def of Strangulation
Violent Asphyxia due to PRESSURE applied to neck using LIGATURE (e.g. Rope, tie, wire, belt,…)
Conditions of Strangulation
1-Homicidal: most common ما يحتاج فرق قوة. 2-Accidental: •during delivery by umbilical cord. •children playing with rope. 3-Suicidal:(rare)tourniquet mechanism.
Cause of death in Strangulation
As in Throttling :)
{ A B C }
PMP of Strangulation
1•General ext and int sign.
2•local:
-Outside: LIGATURE MARK: abrasions and bruises with VITAL REACTION around the marks.
-Inside: contusion of tissue and inward Fracture of hyoid and laryngeal cartilage.
3•Sign of Strangulation.
Characters of Ligature in Strangulation
1- TRANSVERSE.
2- SYMMETRICAL.
3- COMPLETE.
4- usually BELOW larynx.
Def of Hanging
Violent asphyxia due to SUSPENSION of body from neck by ligature (the constricting force through BODY WEIGHT).
