violent crime

Question 1

violent crime

Answer 1

general category of crime that includes homicide, attempted murder, robbery, assault, and other serious offences that involve the physical violation of a person

Question 2

homocide

Answer 2

When a person directly or indirectly by any means causes the death of a human being. Can be culpable or non culpable homicide

Question 3

culpable homicide

Answer 3

criminal offence under the criminal code of Canada and includes murder, manslaughter, and infanticide

Question 4

non-culpable homicide

Answer 4

justifiable and/or excusable homicide

Question 5

justifiable homicide

Answer 5

includes legally authorized acts such as when a police officer takes another life in line of duty

Question 6

excusable homicide

Answer 6

includes self defence, defence of others, or defence of ones property

Question 7

1st degree murder

Answer 7

culpable homicide that is planned and deliberate

Question 8

2nd degree murder

Answer 8

there is intention but cannot prove that it was planned

Question 9

manslaughter

Answer 9

unintentional killing of another individual (eg drinking and driving)

Question 10

infanticide

Answer 10

Occurs when a female individual causes the death of her newly born child (under the age of 1 year old)
Through deliberate actions or through acts of omission (neglect of care/needs), can be intentional or unintentional

Question 11

rates and trends of homicide

Answer 11

increase in homicides in 2020 (covid lockdowns)
intimate partner violence accounts for 1/3 of homicides each year
stabbings most common, but firearms have surpassed stabbings in 2016 and have continued to surpass in 2020

Question 12

mass murder

Answer 12

killing of a number of people at the same time and location. Often ends with the murderer dying at the scene (take own life or law enforcement takes action)

Question 13

serial murder

Answer 13

killing of a number of people over a period of time

Question 14

serial killer trends

Answer 14

• most are white men 20-30s
• most likely to kill vulnerable strangers
• 10-15% female, usually older in age than males & kill someone they know
• often have abuse in family, abuse alcohol and have mental health issues
• more likely to have lower education level/be employed in lower status positions

Question 15

Holmes and DeBurger: serial killer contributing factors

Answer 15

Bizarre behaviour in childhood, sociopaths (immune to victims suffering), mental illness, sexual frustration, neurological damage, neglect, childhood anxiety

Question 16

visionary serial killer

Answer 16

Usually are the result of some form of psychosis
Killer is out of touch of reality (psychotic break), feel compelled to commit killings (voices, visions, psychosis)

Question 17

mission-oriented serial killer

Answer 17

Mission in life to kill certain groups or kinds of people
People they believe are undesirable, a threat to society, the cause of all society’s ills
In order to have a better society, it is up to the killer to eliminate that particular group

Question 18

hedonistic serial killer

Answer 18

Thrill seekers
Get excitement and sexual pleasure from their acts
Kill because they like it and get pleasure from killing
Typically above average in intelligence, shown in ability to avoid being caught
Not a lot of planning that goes into their killings, emotional rush from killing

Question 19

power/control oriented

Answer 19

Very methodical in their planning
Enjoy having complete control over their victims
Sexual activity is often involved but they don’t get the sexual pleasure, satisfaction comes from the power and control they exert over the victim

Question 20

what type of killer is robert pickton?

Answer 20

mission-oriented

Question 21

sexual assault

Answer 21

Assault committed in circumstances of a sexual nature such as the sexual integrity of the victim being violated

Question 22

characteristics of s/a perpetrators (age)

Answer 22

Most are male (median age 33)
Women median age is 28

Question 23

characteristics of victims

Answer 23

• median age of 18, male victims younger than female
• most assaulted by someone they know
• women between 15-24 significantly more likely to be victims than 55+
• male victims more likely to be assaulted by non-parent family member & authority figures
• female victims more likely to be assaulted by casual acquaintance or parent
• indigenous women 3x more likely to be victim

Question 24

reasons s/a victims give for not reporting crimes (7)

Answer 24

• incident wasn’t “important enough” to report
• incident was a private matter
• incident was being dealt with in another way
• victim did not want to deal with police, or feared police would not consider incident important
• feel responsible for part of relationship that led to sexual assault
• feel ashamed or embarrassed
• did not believe offender would be adequately punished

Question 25

___ women face reprisal when reporting s/a in the workplace

Answer 25

7/10

Question 26

hate crime

Answer 26

crime in which the perpetrator’s conduct is motivated by bias, hatred, or prejudice regarding the actual or perceived race, ethnicity, colour of an individual’s skin, religion, national origin, gender, disability, or sexual orientation of another group or individual

Question 27

thrill-seeking hate crimes

Answer 27

Derive a sadistic sense of satisfaction from threatening and/or terrorizing a targeted group, go out seeking someone to attack

Question 28

reactive hate crimes

Answer 28

Perpetrators perceive an outsider as a threat, that person becomes a victim Often act out of a misguided sense of righteousness and loyalty to their group/community Rationalize their behaviour as being a defensive stance that needs to be taken against an outsider group—these groups seen as threatening to their community Often increase when high profile events involve a particular group (covid-19 originating in china, hate crimes towards asian groups)

Question 29

mission hate crimes

Answer 29

Think it is their duty and right to seek out and eliminate people who they believe threaten their religious beliefs, their racial purity, or position of power Rarest and most dangerous of perpetrators Looking to destroy an entire group of individuals

Question 30

difference between the terms murder and homicide

Answer 30

murder: unlawful, often planned and deliberate taking of another person's life homicide: encompasses first and second degree murder, infanticide, and manslaughter

Question 31

general theory of crime

Answer 31

sociological perspective asserting that criminal behaviour is a product of defective socialization processes that make it difficult for a potential offender to exercise self-control

Question 32

power-control theory

Answer 32

perspective that focuses on how power dynamics, patriarchy, and gender role socialization within the family contribute to delinquency and crime

Question 33

level 1 assault (aka common assault)

Answer 33

no serious bodily harm/physical injury to the victim

Question 34

level 2 assault

Answer 34

more force or threatened force (eg with weapon) is used, and a degree of bodily harm is inflicted by the offender, such as broken bones, bruises, or cuts. slap across the face does not constitute a level 2 assault

Question 35

level 3 assault (aggravated assault)

Answer 35

victim is disfigured, maimed, wounded, or has his or her life endangered

Question 36

___ reports of sexual assault are dismissed by the police as "unfounded"

Answer 36

1/5

Question 37

primary predictor of sexual assault, according to Hanson and Morton-Bourgon (2005)

Answer 37

anti-social orientation

Question 38

women with ___ are more at risk of sexual victimization. why?

Answer 38

higher levels of education, because men are threatened by better-educated and more successful women

Question 39

family violence

Answer 39

any form of abuse, mistreatment or neglect that a child or adult experiences from a family member, or from someone with whom they have an intimate relationship

Question 40

incidences of robbery do or do not relate to changing levels of social inequality?

Answer 40

do not

Question 41

honour killings

Answer 41

homicide committed against a relative (usually female) who has brought dishonour upon the family, typically through a relationship with a person the family disproves of, or by not behaving in an appropriate manner according to strict cultural tradition

Question 42

4 forms of hate crime

Answer 42

1. advocating genocide 2. publicly inciting hatred 3. wilfully promoting hatred 4. vandalism in relation to religious property