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viral diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

virus that causes non-specific upper respiratory symptoms

A

acute viral rhino sinusitis (common cold)

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2
Q

rhino sinusitis signs and symptoms

A

fever, malaise, sneezing, nasal congestion, sore throat, hoarseness, cough

inflamed mucosal surface

lymphadenopathy

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3
Q

how long do rhinosinusitis symptoms last

A

usually less than 10 days

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4
Q

how to diagnose rhinosinusitis

A

clinical

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5
Q

rhinosinusitis treatment

A

supportive:
- saline nasal wash
- NSAIDS, rest, fluids
- decongestants
- cough suppressants

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6
Q

influenza signs and symptoms

A

-sudden onset
-fever,chills,malaise,headache
-myalgias commonly involve the lower extremities and back
-URI symptoms
-GI symptoms
-non productive cough

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6
Q

what type of influenza infects a variety of mammals

A

type A

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7
Q

what type of influenza infects humans exclusively

A

type B and C

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8
Q

How is influenza spread

A

highly contagious respiratory infection spread via droplets

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9
Q

influenza treatment

A

supportive
oral oseltamivir
oral baloxavir

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10
Q

influenza labs

A
  • rapid test (nasopharynx)
  • CBC
    -PCR
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11
Q

complications of influenza

A

pneumonia
decreased oxygen saturation

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12
Q

prevention of influenza

A

annual influenza vaccine

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13
Q

rare and sever complication of influenza that causes rapid progressive liver failure and encephalopathy. Associated with aspirin use in combination with viral infection.

A

Reye Syndrome

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14
Q

cold sores and genital herpes
recurrent grouped vesicles on an erythematous base

A

HSV

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15
Q

HSV testing

A

direct fluorescent antibody staining
viral culture or PCR
Tzanck smear

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16
Q

HSV symptoms

A

-vesicular/ulcerative lesions
-burning/stinging pain
-neuralgia
-occur on: vermillion border, penile shaft, labia, perianal skin, buttocks
-swollen/tender lymph nodes
-lesions usually crust and heal in one week

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17
Q

HSV complications

A

-herpetic whitlow
-herpes gladiatorum
-proctitis
-esophagitis
-keratitis
-encephalitis
-neonatal infection

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18
Q

HSV treatment

A

oral acyclovir
oral valacyclovir

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19
Q

human herpes virus 3

A

varicella zoster virus

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20
Q

two clinical conditions of varicella zoster virus

A

varicella (chicken pox)
herpes zoster (shingles)

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21
Q

typically a benign childhood illness characterized by a pruritic rash

A

chicken pox

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22
Q

reactivation of latent VZV most commonly occurring after the 6th decade of life. Painful dermatomal vesicular rash.

A

Herpes zoster

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23
Q

transmission of varicella

A

direct lesion contact, droplet inhalation, and airborne transmission

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24
zoster transmission
direct contact
25
vaccine for chicken pox
varivax
26
vaccine for shingles
Zostavax and shingrix
27
hallmark for varicella zoster
pruritic rash dew drop on a rose petal lesions in variable stages
28
symptoms of varicella zoster
fever, rash, malaise, HA, high fever rash begins on trunk and spreads outward
29
three phases of chicken pox rash
1. red pinkish bumps 2. fluid filled blisters 3. crusted/scabbed lesions
30
varicella labs
clinical diagnosis PCR of scrapings from lesions
31
chicken pox treatment
symptomatic: isolation calamine lotion, antihistamines mitts for scratching acyclovir NO ASPIRIN
32
VZV complications
secondary bacterial infection caused by strep pyogenes or staph aureus
33
signs and symptoms of herpes zoster (shingles)
-prodromal sensation or tingling, numbness, or burning -rash that starts as erythematous papules, and turns into grouped vesicles -UNILATERAL vesicular rash with dermatomal involvement -rash does not cross midline
34
shingles outbreak that affects the facial nerve near one of a pts ears. vesicles appear in the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane, as well as tongue and oral lesions - lose taste in anterior 2/3 of tongue - ipsilateral facial palsy - vertigo, tinnitus, hearing deficit
Ramsey Hunt syndrome
35
how to treat Ramsey Hunt Syndrome
antivirals and prednisone
36
complication of shingles
post herpetic neuralgia
37
treatment of shingles
valacyclovir or famiciclovir (start within 72 hours of symptoms) corticosteroids (help lesions heal)
38
treatment of post herpetic neuralgia
gabapentin lidocaine patches tricyclic antidepressants capsaicin cream
38
virus that causes warts (skin and genital)
human papilloma virus (HPV)
39
HPV 6 and 11
benign genital warts
40
HPV 16 and 18
oncogenic cervical cancer
41
how is HPV transmitted
skin contact
42
verruca vulgaris
common wart
43
condyloma accuminata
genital warts
44
verruca plantaris
plantar wart
45
what does plantar wart feel like
rock in shoe
46
Hallmark of common/plantar wart
interrupt normal skin lines dry plaque like appearance appear to have "seeds"
47
common wart/plantar wart treatment
liquid nitrogen topical salicylic acid (keratolytic agents)
48
genital wart treatment
Podophyllum resin (men) Imiquimod cream (women)
49
HPV prevention
vaccine condoms avoid smoking
50
human herpesvirus 4
epstein barr virus
51
how is epstein barr transmitted
saliva genital secretions
51
causes infectious mononucleosis
epstein barr virus
52
infects B and T lymphocytes and possibly epithelial cells of the nasopharynx
Epstein Barr virus
53
EBV signs and symptoms
fever sore throat fatigue malaise anorexia myalgia
54
EBV physical exam
-Pharynx shows enlarged tonsils and exudate - lymphadenopathy - uvular edema - diffuse erythematous rash develops in 80% of patients treated with amoxicillin
55
EBV labs
-show lymphocytic leukocytosis -IgM antibody to EB virus capsid antigen can confirm diagnosis during acute illness (IgG will persist for life)
56
EBV treatment
supportive
57
EBV complications
splenic rupture (patient told not to participate in contact sports for 4 weeks)
58
paramyxoviral disease that affects the parotid glands and salivary glands
mumps
59
how is mumps spread
respiratory secretions, droplets, and saliva
60
mumps signs and symptoms
-prodromal symptoms of fever, malaise, HA, body aches -parotid tenderness and overlying facial edema -one parotid gland usually enlarges before the other
61
leading cause of pancreatitis in children
mumps
62
mumps labs
-mild leukopenia, lymphocytosis -serum amylase elevated -mild kidney injury -elevated serum IgM -virus isolated from swab of duct of parotid
63
mumps treatment
-Isolate until swelling -bed rest -symptomatic treatment -topical cool compresses -analgesics
64
mumps prevention
vaccine droplet and standard precautions isolation
65
fifth disease
erythema infectiosum
66
viral exanthem in healthy children caused by human parvovirus B19
erythema infectiosum
67
hallmark of erythema infectiosum
-"slapped cheek" appearance with circumoral pallor -truncal rash -distinctive lacy, reticulated rash
67
how is erythema infectiosum transmitted
respiratory secretions and blood transfusions
68
erythema infectiosum labs
clinical
69
erythema infectiosum treatment
supportive
70
when are children typically only contagious for erythema infectiosum
in the period prior to the development of the rash
71
sixth disease
roseola
72
caused by HHV 6 and HHV 7
roseola
73
Hallmark of roseola
maculopapular, rose colored rash
74
roseola diagnosis
clinical routine lab tests do not aid in diagnosis
75
roseola treatment
supportive
76
highly contagious single stranded RNA paramyxoviral disease
measles (rubeola)
77
measles signs and symptoms
4 phases: incubation prodromal exanthematous recovery
78
measles labs and diagnosis
ELISA detection of IgM measles antibodies PCR
78
hallmark of measles
"brick red" macular rash koplik spots
79
measles treatment
supportive
80
measles complications
otitis media pneumonia encephalomyelitis
81
measles prevention
vaccine
82
German measles
rubella
83
-systemic disease caused by inhalation of infected droplets -togavirus
rubella
84
hallmark of rubella
-rose colored spots on the soft palate (forchheimer spots) -lymphadenopathy
85
rubella labs and diagnosis
serologic confirmation with elevated IgM antibody
86
rubella treatment
supportive
87
human herpesvirus 5 common virus usually asymptomatic
cytomegalovirus
88
cytomegalovirus labs
detection of CMV specific IgM
89
CMV treatment (immunocompromised patients)
oral valganciclovir or IV ganciclovir
90
most common health problem of congenital CMV in infants
hearing loss
91
CMV treatment (congenital)
IV ganciclovir or valganciclovir
92
CMV prevention
pregnant women should practice good hand hygiene and avoid kissing young children on the face
93
-viral encephalitis transmitted by infected saliva -rhabdovirus -enters body from animal bite or open wound
rabies
94
what animals spread rabies
raccoons, skunks, bats, foxes, cats, cattle, dogs
95
how does rabies virus travel
goes to nerves of the brain, multiplies, and migrates along nerves to salivary glands
95
rabies symptoms
pain at bite, fever, malaise, HA, nausea, vomiting skin is sensitive to temp change CNS stage begins 10 days after (encephalitic or paralytic)
96
Rabies encephalitic symptoms
-delirium alternating with periods of calm -painful laryngeal spasms on attempting drinking/swallow -hypersalivation -seizures
97
rabies paralytic symptoms
acute ascending paralysis
98
rabies testing
-direct fluorescent antibody testing of skin biopsy material from the brain stem and cerebellum -PCR to check saliva call health department!
99
rabies treatment
post exposure prophylaxis given before clinical signs active rabies: - intensive care - airway management death inevitable after 7 days
100
post exposure immunization for bites from bat, skunk, or raccoon
both immune globulin and vaccination are given
101
arthropod-borne arbovirus carried by mosquitos
West Nile virus
102
West Nile virus symptoms
fever, swollen lymph glands, nausea or vomiting, muscle aches, joint pain - meningitis -encephalitis
103
West Nile virus tests
diagnosis made from serology -IgM capture ELISA in serum or CSF -presence in CSF confirms neuroinvasive disease
104
West Nile virus complications
-bronchial pneumonia -prolonged weakness -retinopathy -hepatitis and pancreatitis
105
West Nile virus treatment
supportive
106
viral hemorrhagic fever part of the filoviridae family
ebola
107
how is ebola transmitted
contact with body fluids and skin
108
stages of ebola
1st stage: nonspecific febrile illness 2nd stage: abd pain, sever N/V, diarrhea, neurologic symptoms
109
ebola diagnostic labs
RT-PCR IgM ELISA
110
ebola labs
-causes systemic inflammatory response -low platelet count -leukopenia -transaminitis -hypoalbuminemia -electrolyte imbalance -increased serum creatinine and BUN
111
ebola complications
-hypovolemic shock -multi-organ system failure -secondary infections
112
ebola prevention
vaccine rVSV-ZEBOV (being investigated)
112
ebola treatment
supportive isolation
113
-flavivirus -primarily transmitted by mosquitos mostly in tropical regions
zika virus
114
zika virus symptoms
-acute onset low grade fever -pruritic rash on face, trunk, extremities, palms, soles -arthralgia -conjunctivitis -myalgia, HA, fatigue
115
zika virus diagnosis
rRT-PCR of serum and urine (less than 7 days after onset of symptoms) zika virus serologic testing (greater than 7 days)
116
congenital zika virus
-severe neurologic disease -also increases stillborn deaths -microcephaly -arthrogryposis
117
management of pregnant women with zika
screen for ZIKVi at first pre-natal visit with exposure history
118
treatment of zika
symptomatic

infectious disease (13 decks)

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