Viral Diseases of Honeybees

Question 1

CBPV symtoms

Answer 1

trembling wings and body, failure to fl, loss of hair

Question 2

DWV symptoms

Answer 2

Wing deformity but can be asymptomatic

Question 3

viral diseases of honeybees mode of transmission

Answer 3

indirect via the vecotr varroa mite
direct via verticle transmission from bee to offspring

Question 4

viral diseases of honeybees life cycle specifications

Answer 4

• Entry via skin (blood feeds from varroa mite vectors)
• Replication in bee

Question 5

viral diseases of honey bees pathogen type

Answer 5

virus

Question 6

Mode of Transmission

Answer 6

Most indirect
Via vector (Varroa mites)
When feeding on haemolypmh, transfer viruses directly into circulatory system
Sometimes foodbourne

Question 7

Method of Invasion

Answer 7

Difficult to identify
Typical viral replication once inside host
Affects wing-cells the most
Latent + benign versus virulent stages
Triggered by stress related factors which affect immune system
Varroa infestation can trigger stress

Question 8

Impact on Host

Answer 8

Can sometimes remain latent in host with no symptoms
Acts as reservoir of infection
Causes earth death of pupae, deformed wings, shortened abdomen, cuticle discolouration
Usually die within 3 days

Question 9

Evolutionary Adaptations

Answer 9

Uses a vector (Varroa mite) to penetrate external defenses of bee
Typical viral adaptations
Taken into host cell, injects own genome into host genome etc.
Bees most susceptible when ‘stressed’
Vector causes stress, so increased infection

Question 10

Factors Affecting Spread

Answer 10

Varroa mite
Increase infestation, increase infection
Mortality naturally higher in winter
Due to varroa reproduction in autumn period + no bee reproduction at this time to replace dying ones