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PHARMACOLOGY - Antiviral, Classic Chemo, ADME > Viral Drugs (list) > Flashcards

Viral Drugs (list) Flashcards

(37 cards)

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1
Q 
ABACAVIR
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
Nucleoside Reverse Transciptase inhibitor (NRTI)

MOA:

  • Converted to Triphosphate Nucleotide by HOST cell Kinases
  • Terminate Viral DNA chain SYNTHESIS by REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE

Viruses Treated:
HIV

Side Effects:
- Mitochondrial Polymerase could also be targeted

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2
Q 
ACYCLOVIR
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Anti-Viral

MOA:
-Targets Nucleic Acid Synthesis by the herpesevirus by a nuclceoside analogue that MUST be METABOLLICALLY activated

  • Acts as a competitive inhibitor of dGTP
  • Gets incorporated into growing chain
  • Traps the polymerase on the ACV-terminated DNA chain when the next dNTP binds
Viruses Treated: 
Herpes simplex (I and II), Varicella Zoster, Cytomegalovirus
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3
Q 
AMANTADINE
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Anti-Viral

MOA:
BLOCKS M2 CHANNEL NEEDED for H+ to enter the capsule of the virus so that RNP can be ejected into the host cell

Viruses Treated:
Influenza

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4
Q 
Amprenavir
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor

MOA:
- Work to inhibit active site of Aspartyl Protease of HIV

  • Aspartyl Protease resposible for: gag, pol, Reverse Transcriptase, integrase, etc.

Other/Resistance:
- Resistance initially occurs at the enzyme’s active site then may spread to secondary locations

Viruses Treated:
HIV

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5
Q 
ATAZNAVIR
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor

MOA:
- Work to inhibit active site of Aspartyl Protease of HIV

  • Aspartyl Protease resposible for: gag, pol, Reverse Transcriptase, integrase, etc.

Other/Resistance:
- Resistance initially occurs at the enzyme’s active site then may spread to secondary locations

  • NO CYP34A inhibition

Viruses Treated:
HIV

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6
Q 
BOCEPREVIR
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Anti-Viral

MOA:
Inhibits NS3/4A protease that cleaves polypeptide of HCV into non-structural HCV proteins

Other/Resistance:
- HCV quickly mutates so resistance can rapidly be conferred

Viruses Treated:
HCV I

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7
Q 
Didanosine (ddl) 
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
Nucleoside Reverse Transciptase inhibitor (NRTI)

MOA:

  • Converted to Triphosphate Nucleotide by HOST cell Kinases
  • Terminate Viral DNA chain SYNTHESIS by REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE

Viruses Treated:
HIV

Side Effects:
- Mitochondrial Polymerase could also be targeted

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8
Q 
EFAVIRENZ
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
Non-competitive Nucleotide Inhibitor of HIV-1

MOA:
Allosteric Inhibitor that binds to the p66 binding pocket of HIV-1 reverse transciptase

Other/Resistance:
Does not penetrated CNS like Nevirapine

Viruses Treated:
HIV

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9
Q 
EMITRICITABINE
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
Nucleoside Reverse Transciptase inhibitor (NRTI)

MOA:

  • Converted to Triphosphate Nucleotide by HOST cell Kinases
  • Terminate Viral DNA chain SYNTHESIS by REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE

Viruses Treated:
HIV

Side Effects:
- Mitochondrial Polymerase could also be targeted

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10
Q 
ENFUVIRTIDE
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
Fusion Inhibitors

MOA:
T-20, It’s a Synthetic Peptide drug that mimics HR2, binds to HR1 and prevents HR2-HR1 interaction

Viruses Treated:
HIV

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11
Q 
FOSCARNET
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Anti-viral

Sub-Group:
Nucleic Acid Synthesis inhibitor

MOA:
Inhibits DNA polymerase noncompetively by binding PPi and preventing PPi bond cleavage

Chain termination results

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12
Q 
GANCICLOVIR
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Anti-Viral

MOA:
-Targets Nucleic Acid Synthesis by the herpesevirus by a nuclceoside analogue that MUST be METABOLLICALLY activated

  • Acts as a competitive inhibitor of dGTP
  • Gets incorporated into growing chain
  • Traps the polymerase on the ACV-terminated DNA chain when the next dNTP binds
Viruses Treated: 
Herpes simplex (I and II), Varicella Zoster, Cytomegalovirus
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13
Q 
Indinavir
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor

MOA:
- Work to inhibit active site of Aspartyl Protease of HIV

  • Aspartyl Protease resposible for: gag, pol, Reverse Transcriptase, integrase, etc.

Other/Resistance:
- Resistance initially occurs at the enzyme’s active site then may spread to secondary locations

Viruses Treated:
HIV

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14
Q 
LAMIVUDINE (3-TC)
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
Nucleoside Reverse Transciptase inhibitor (NRTI)

MOA:

  • Converted to Triphosphate Nucleotide by HOST cell Kinases
  • Terminate Viral DNA chain SYNTHESIS by REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE

Viruses Treated:
HIV, HBV

Side Effects:
- Mitochondrial Polymerase could also be targeted

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15
Q 
Lopinavir
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor

MOA:
- Work to inhibit active site of Aspartyl Protease of HIV

  • Aspartyl Protease resposible for: gag, pol, Reverse Transcriptase, integrase, etc.

Other/Resistance:
- Resistance initially occurs at the enzyme’s active site then may spread to secondary locations

Viruses Treated:
HIV

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16
Q 
MARAVIROC
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
Study These Flashcards
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
Fusion Inhibitor

MOA:
Small Molecule antagonist of the CCR5 chemokine receptor

Other/Resistance:
ONLY blocks HIV strains that have the CCR5 receptor

Viruses Treated:
HIV

17
Q 
Nelfinavir
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
Study These Flashcards
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor

MOA:
- Work to inhibit active site of Aspartyl Protease of HIV

  • Aspartyl Protease resposible for: gag, pol, Reverse Transcriptase, integrase, etc.

Other/Resistance:
- Resistance initially occurs at the enzyme’s active site then may spread to secondary locations

Viruses Treated:
HIV

18
Q 
NEVIRAPINE
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
Study These Flashcards
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
Non-competitive Nucleotide Inhibitor of HIV-1

MOA:
Allosteric Inhibitor that binds to the p66 binding pocket of HIV-1 reverse transciptase

Other/Resistance:
**PENETRATES TO CNS

Viruses Treated:
HIV

19
Q 
OSELTAMVIR
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
Study These Flashcards
A

Group:
Anti-Viral

MOA:
Potent Sialic Acid Analogue of the active site of Flu A and B NEURAMINIDASES

Other/Resistance:
Resistance is Conferred by putting mutations into neuraminidase

Viruses Treated:
Flu

20
Q 
Peginterferon-Alpha
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
Study These Flashcards
A

Group:
Antiviral

MOA:
Long Lasting IFN-alpha - Binding Signals Cell to make a Series of ANTIVIRAL proteins 1)activates Mx prot. To block mRNA synthesis 2) INHIBITS VIRAL TRANSLATION 3) inhbits Glycosyltransferase (PTP)

21
Q 
RALTEGRAVIR
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
Study These Flashcards
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
DNA strand Transfer Inhibitor

MOA:
Targets Integrase that integrates HIV DNA into Cellular DNA (for HIV1 and HIV2)

Other/Resistance:
Retains activity against viruses that have become resistant to other antiretroviral drug BUT Viral Resistance can arise by mutations in integraste gene

Viruses Treated:
HIV

22
Q 
RIBAVARIN
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
Study These Flashcards
A

Group:
Anti-Viral

MOA:
Converted to Triphosphate Form, Competitively Inhibits GTP-dependent 5’ capping of viral messenger RNA (specifically Flu virus transcriptase activity)

Side Effects:
Influenza, HCV1, 2, 3

23
Q 
Rimantidine
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
Study These Flashcards
A

Group:
Anti-Viral

MOA:
BLOCKS M2 CHANNEL NEEDED for H+ to enter the capsule of the virus so that RNP can be ejected into the host cell

Viruses Treated:
Influenza

24
Q 
RITONAVIR
Group
Sub-Group
MOA
Other/Resistance
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
Study These Flashcards
A

Group:
Antiretroviral

Sub-Group:
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor

MOA:
- Work to inhibit active site of Aspartyl Protease of HIV

  • Aspartyl Protease resposible for: gag, pol, Reverse Transcriptase, integrase, etc.

Other/Resistance:
- Resistance initially occurs at the enzyme’s active site then may spread to secondary locations

  • INTERACTS WITH CYP34A, this can be used as an advantage to administer other drugs at a lower concentration

Viruses Treated:
HIV

25
``` Saquinavir Group Sub-Group MOA Other/Resistance Viruses Treated Side Effects ```
Group: Antiretroviral Sub-Group: HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor MOA: - Work to inhibit active site of Aspartyl Protease of HIV - Aspartyl Protease resposible for: gag, pol, Reverse Transcriptase, integrase, etc. Other/Resistance: - Resistance initially occurs at the enzyme's active site then may spread to secondary locations Viruses Treated: HIV Side Effects: ----------------------
26
``` Stavudine (D4T) Group Sub-Group MOA Other/Resistance Viruses Treated Side Effects ```
Group: Antiretroviral Sub-Group: Nucleoside Reverse Transciptase inhibitor (NRTI) MOA: - Converted to Triphosphate Nucleotide by HOST cell Kinases - Terminate Viral DNA chain SYNTHESIS by REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE Other/Resistance: ------------------------- Viruses Treated: HIV Side Effects: - Mitochondrial Polymerase could also be targeted
27
``` TELAPREVIR Group Sub-Group MOA Other/Resistance Viruses Treated Side Effects ```
Group: Anti-Viral Sub-Group: -------------------------- MOA: Inhibits NS3/4A protease that cleaves polypeptide of HCV into non-structural HCV proteins Other/Resistance: - HCV quickly mutates so resistance can rapidly be conferred Viruses Treated: HCV I Side Effects: ----------------------
28
``` TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL Group Sub-Group MOA Other/Resistance Viruses Treated Side Effects ```
Group: Antiretroviral Sub-Group: Nucleoside Reverse Transciptase inhibitor (NRTI) MOA: - Converted to Triphosphate Nucleotide by HOST cell Kinases - Terminate Viral DNA chain SYNTHESIS by REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE Other/Resistance: ------------------------- Viruses Treated: HIV, HBV Side Effects: - Mitochondrial Polymerase could also be targeted
29
``` TRILURIDINE Group Sub-Group MOA Other/Resistance Viruses Treated Side Effects ```
Group: Anti-Viral Sub-Group: ---------------------- MOA: Fluorinated Pyrimidine Nucleoside that irreversibly inhibits thymidylate synthase and specific DNA polymerases (capable of Decreasing syntehsis in both infected and uninfected cells) Other/Resistance: Viral Resistance to this drug is rare Viruses Treated: HSV-induced keratitis and Keratoconjunctivitis Side Effects: ----------------------
30
``` Valacyclovir Group Sub-Group MOA Other/Resistance Viruses Treated Side Effects ```
Group: Anti-Viral Sub-Group: ------------------------- MOA: -Targets Nucleic Acid Synthesis by the herpesevirus by a nuclceoside analogue that MUST be METABOLLICALLY activated - Acts as a competitive inhibitor of dGTP - Gets incorporated into growing chain - Traps the polymerase on the ACV-terminated DNA chain when the next dNTP binds Other/Resistance: Function as the Pro-drug of Acyclovir and has better ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY ``` Viruses Treated: Herpes simplex (I and II), Varicella Zoster, Cytomegalovirus ``` Side Effects: ------------------------
31
``` Valganciclovir Group Sub-Group MOA Other/Resistance Viruses Treated Side Effects ```
Group: Anti-Viral Sub-Group: ------------------------- MOA: -Targets Nucleic Acid Synthesis by the herpesevirus by a nuclceoside analogue that MUST be METABOLLICALLY activated - Acts as a competitive inhibitor of dGTP - Gets incorporated into growing chain - Traps the polymerase on the ACV-terminated DNA chain when the next dNTP binds Other/Resistance: Function as the Pro-drug of Acyclovir and Ganciclovir and has better ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY ``` Viruses Treated: Herpes simplex (I and II), Varicella Zoster, Cytomegalovirus ``` Side Effects: ------------------------
32
``` ZANAMIVIR Group Sub-Group MOA Other/Resistance Viruses Treated Side Effects ```
Group: Anti-Viral Sub-Group: --------------------------- MOA: Potent Sialic Acid Analogue of the active site of Flu A and B NEURAMINIDASES Other/Resistance: Resistance is Conferred by putting mutations into neuraminidase Viruses Treated: Flu Side Effects: -----------------------
33
``` ZIDOVUDINE (AZT) Group Sub-Group MOA Other/Resistance Viruses Treated Side Effects ```
Group: Antiretroviral Sub-Group: Nucleoside Reverse Transciptase inhibitor (NRTI) MOA: - Converted to Triphosphate Nucleotide by HOST cell Kinases - Terminate Viral DNA chain SYNTHESIS by REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE Other/Resistance: Penetrates CNS Viruses Treated: HIV Side Effects: - Mitochondrial Polymerase could also be targeted
34
TRIFLURIDINE
Group: Anti-viral Sub-Group: Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor MOA: IRREVERSIBLE inhibition of Thymidylate synthase Other/Resistance: - Affects host cells too to a certain extent Viruses Treated: HSV - induced Keratitis and Keratoconjunctivitis Side Effects: -------------------------
35
``` Adefovir Group Sub-Group MOA Other/Resistance Viruses Treated Side Effects ```
Group: - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor MOA: converted to DIPHOSPHATE form, competes with dATP for incorporation and terminates the chain Viruses Treated: - HBV - Effective for DNA Polymerases and Reverse transriptase too
36
``` Entecavir Group Sub-Group MOA Other/Resistance Viruses Treated Side Effects ```
Group: - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor MOA: Converted to Triphosphate form and competes with dGTP for HBV pols Viruses Treated: - HBV
37
``` Telbuvidine Group Sub-Group MOA Other/Resistance Viruses Treated Side Effects ```
Group: - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor MOA: - Converted to triphosphate to compete with dTTP for HBV pols Viruses Treated: - HBV

PHARMACOLOGY - Antiviral, Classic Chemo, ADME (18 decks)

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