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Viral Exanthema Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What pathogens can cause sepsis in neonates?

A

Group B Streptococci

Escherichia Coli

Listeria Monocytogenes

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2
Q

What pathogens can cause sepsis in children?

A

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Meningococci

Group A Streptococci

Staphylococcus Aureus

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of community aquired sepsis in children?

A

Neisseria Meningitis

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4
Q

What antibiotics are used in sepsis management for neonates?

A

Gentamicin and penicillin

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5
Q

What antibiotics are used in sepsis management for children?

A

Ceftriaxone and amoxicillin

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6
Q

What is scarlet fever

A

Infection caused by an exotoxin produced by group A streptococci

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7
Q

What is the incubation period of strep A

A

2-4 days

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8
Q

How does scarlet fever present?

A

Red/pink blotchy macular rash with rough sandpaper skin that starts on the trunk and spreads out

Strawberry tongue

Tonsilitis/sore throat

Flushed face

Lymphadenopathy

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9
Q

How is scarlet fever managed?

A

10 days phenoxymethylpenicillin

Notifiable disease

Children should be kept off school until 24 hours after starting antibiotics

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10
Q

What is rheumatic fever?

A

Untreated scarlet fever

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11
Q

How does rheumatic fever present?

A

Fever, not always present

Joint pain/swollen joints

New murmur

Raised rash over trunk

Involuntary movements of arm

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12
Q

How is rheumatic fever managed?

A

Benzylpenicillin

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13
Q

What is Kawasaki disease?

A

Immune mediated vasculitis leading to coronary aneurysms, common in Japan

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14
Q

How does Kawsaki disease present?

A

Red eyes, red extremities, red membranes

Fever, for at least 5 days +4/5

Bilateral conjunctival injection

Changes to mucous membranes

  • Strawberry tongue
  • Cracked lips
  • Red pharynx

Cervical lymphadenopathy

Widespread blanching polymorphous rash

Changes to extremities, painful to hold things in hand and stand on feet/desquamation

Inflammation of BCG scar is also associated

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15
Q

How is Kawsaki disease managed?

A

Immunoglobulins

  • Give within 10 days of symptom onset to minimise aneurysm risk

Aspirin

  • Prevent coronary artery aneurysm

Other immunosuppressive agents

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16
Q

What organism causes glandular fever/infectious mononucleosis?

A

Epstein Barr Virus

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17
Q

How does glandular fever present?

A

Classic triad of fever, sore throat and cervical lymphadenopathy, usually lasting 2 weeks

Erythematous tonsils

Coryzal/URTI symptoms

Splenomegaly

Hepatitis

Platal petichae

Lymphocytosis

Haemolytic anaemia

Rash post amoxicillin

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18
Q

How is glandular fever diagnosed?

A

Heterophil antibody test (Monospot test) in the 2nd week of the illness

Blood film

  • Atypical lymphocytes
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19
Q

When do symptoms of glandular fever usually resolve?

A

2-4 weeks

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20
Q

How is glandular fever managed?

A

Supportive

Avoid alcohol and contact sports

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21
Q

Give complications of glandular fever

A

Splenic rupture, avoid contact sports for 8 weeks

Maculopapular pruritic rash develops in around 99% of patients who take amoxicillin whilst they have infectious mononucleosis

Idiopathic thrombocytpenic purpura

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22
Q

Wha is Henoch–Schönlein Purpura?

Study These Flashcards
A

Paediatric vasculitis commonly occuring after a viral URTI

23
Q

Give features of Henoch–Schönlein Purpura

Study These Flashcards
A

Tetrad of rash, abdominal pain, arthralgia and glomerulonephritis

Large joint arthralgia

Rash

  • Urticarial to purpuric
  • Purple
  • Buttock and thighs

Intusception

Abdominal pain

Renal involvement

  • Hypertension
  • Nephrotic syndrome
24
Q

How is Henoch–Schönlein Purpura managed?

Study These Flashcards
A

NSAIDS

Supportive treatment

25
What is slapped cheek?
Parovirus infection
26
What is the incubation period of parovirus?
7-10 days
27
How does parovirus present?
Viral prodrome Headache Erythematous rash * Occurring on cheeks initially and becoming a lace like network rash on trunk and limbs * Can take 6 weeks to fully fade
28
How is parovirus managed?
Supporitve
29
What organisms cause hand, foot and mouth disease?
**Coxsackie virus A16** * Most common Enterovirus 71
30
How long do patients take to recover from hand, foot and mouth disease?
5-10 days
31
How does hand, foot and mouth disease present?
Vesicular rash on hands and feet, followed by mouth ulcers Viral symptoms * Fever * Drooling * Irritable
32
How is hand, foot and mouth disease managed?
Self limiting, so supportive treatment * Antipyretics * Fluids Does not require home exclusion
33
What is the incubation period of varicella zoster virus?
10-21 days
34
What organism causes chicken pox?
Human herpes virus 3/varicella virus
35
How long is chicken pox contagious for?
Contagious 1-2 days before rash appears and until lesions have crusted
36
How does chicken pox present?
Red, itchy papules/small bumps progressing to vesicles/blisters, often starting on the trunk Mild malaise and fever, children don't tend to be sick
37
How is chicken pox managed?
Self limiting
38
Give complications of chicken pox
Disseminated haemorrhagic chickenpox Secondary bacterial infection Encephalitis Pneumonia
39
What is the incubation period of mumps?
14-25 days
40
What is mumps?
Self limiting viral infection, most common in childhood, spread by respiratory droplets
41
How does mumps present?
Flu like prodrome, occuring for a few days before Parotid gland swelling with associated pain that can be unilateral or bilateral Signs of complications
42
Give complications of mumps
Pancreatitis Orchitis Meningitis Sensorineural hearing loss
43
How is mumps diagnosed?
PCR testing on saliva swab Antibodies to mumps virus Notifiable disease
44
How is mumps managed?
Supportive MMR vaccine
45
What is measles?
Highly contagious infection caused by measles virus spread via respiratory droplets
46
How does measles present
Symptoms start 10-12 days after infection Flu like prodrome with fever, coryza **Koplik spots**, greyish white spots on the buccal mucosa appearing 2 days after the fever Erythematous rash that starts behind ear and spreads all over body Conjunctivitis **Always consider in an incomplete or uncertain vaccination history**
47
How is measles managed?
Supportive/self resolving after 7-10 days of symptoms Children should be isolated until 4 days after their symptoms resolve Notifiable disease MMR vaccine
48
Give complications of measles
Acute otitis media, most common complication
49
What is rubella?
Also known as german measles, highly contagious infection caused by rubella virus spread via respiratory droplets
50
How does rubella present?
Milder erythematous macular rash compared to measles, starting on the face and spreading to the rest of the body, lasting 3 days Mild fever Joint pain Sore throat Lymphadenopathy
51
How is rubella managed?
Supportive Notifiable disease Children should stay off school for at least 5 days after rash appears Avoid pregnant women
52
What is roseola infantum?
Common disease of infancy caused by human herpes virus 6, typically affecting children aged 6 months-2 years
53
Give features of roseola infantum
High fever lasting a few days followed by maculopapular rash Nagayama spots around uvula and soft palate **Febrile convulsions** Diarrhoea and cough School exclusion not required
54
Differentiate between the main paediatric rashes
Roseola * Fever before, rash after Scarlet fever * Sore throat, sandpaper rash, strawberry tongue (S's) Measles * Cough, conjunctivitis, coryza (C's) Kawasaki * 5 day fever Rubella * 3 day fever, 3 day prodrome, 3 days rash

Infection (9 decks)

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