Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Gastrointestinal and Liver 2.0 > Viral Hepatitis > Flashcards

Viral Hepatitis Flashcards

(45 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How long does hepatitis persist for to be deemed chronic?

A

6 months.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give 3 infective causes of acute hepatitis.

A
  1. Hepatitis A to E infection.
  2. EBV.
  3. CMV.
  4. Toxoplasmosis.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give 3 non-infective causes of acute and chronic hepatitis.

A
  1. Alcohol.
  2. Drugs.
  3. Toxins.
  4. Autoimmune.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give 3 symptoms of acute hepatitis.

A
  1. General malaise.
  2. Myalgia.
  3. GI upset.
  4. Abdominal pain.
  5. Raised AST, ALT.
  6. +/- jaundice.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give 3 infective causes of chronic hepatitis.

A
  1. Hepatitis B (+/-D).
  2. Hepatits C.
  3. Hepatitis E.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the potential complications of chronic hepatitis?

A

Uncontrolled inflammation -> fibrosis -> cirrhosis -> HCC.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is HAV a RNA or DNA virus?

A

HAV is a RNA virus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is HAV transmitted?

A

Faeco-oral transmission. E.g. contaminated food/water; shellfish.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who could be at risk of HAV infection?

A

Travellers and food handlers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Is HAV acute or chronic?

A

Acute! There is 100% immunity after infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How might you diagnose someone with HAV infection?

A

Viral serology: initially anti-HAV IgM and then anti-HAV IgG.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the management of HAV infection.

A
  1. Supportive.
  2. Monitor liver function to ensure no fulminant hepatic failure.
  3. Manage close contacts.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the primary prevention of HAV.

A

Vaccination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is HEV a RNA or DNA virus?

A

HEV is a small RNA virus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is HEV transmitted?

A

Faeco-oral transmission.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Is HEV acute or chronic?

A

Usually acute but there is a risk of chronic disease in the immunocompromised.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How might you diagnose someone with HEV infection?

A

Viral serology: Initially anti-HEV IgM and then anti-HEV IgG.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the primary prevention of HEV.

A
  1. Good food hygiene.

2. A vaccine is in development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Is HBV a RNA or DNA virus?

Study These Flashcards
A

HBV is a DNA virus! It replicates in hepatocytes.

20
Q

How is HBV transmitted?

Study These Flashcards
A

Blood-borne transmission e.g. IVDU, needle-stick, sexual, MTCT.

HBV is highly infectious!

21
Q

Describe the natural history of HBV in 4 phases.

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Immune tolerance phase: unimpeded viral replication -> high HBV DNA levels.
  2. Immune clearance phase: the immune system ‘wakes up’. There is liver inflammation and high ALT.
  3. Inactive HBV carrier phase: HBV DNA levels are low. ALT levels are normal. There is no liver inflammation.
  4. Reactivation phase: ALT and HBV DNA levels are intermittent and inflammation is seen on the liver -> fibrosis.
22
Q

What HBV protein triggers the initial immune response?

Study These Flashcards
A

The core proteins.

23
Q

How might you diagnose someone with HBV?

Study These Flashcards
A

Viral serology: HBV surface antigen can be detected from 6w - 3m or anti-HBV core IgM after 3 months.

24
Q

Describe the management of HBV infection.

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Supportive.
  2. Monitor liver function.
  3. Manage contacts.
  4. Follow up at 6 months to see if HBV surface Ag has cleared. If present -> chronic hepatitis.
25
How would you know if someone had acute or chronic HBV infection?
You would do a follow up appointment at 6 months to see if HBV surface Ag had cleared. If it was still present then the person would have chronic hepatitis.
26
What are the potential consequences of chronic HBV infection?
1. Cirrhosis. 2. HCC. 3. Decompensated cirrhosis.
27
How can HBV infection be prevented?
Vaccination - injecting a small amount of inactivated HbsAg.
28
Describe two treatment options for HBV infection.
1. Alpha interferon - boosts immune system. | 2. Antivirals e.g. tenofovir. They inhibit viral replications.
29
HBV treatment: give 3 side effects of alpha interferon treatment.
1. Myalgia. 2. Malaise. 3. Lethargy. 4. Thyroiditis. 5. Mental health problems.
30
Is HDV a RNA or DNA virus?
It is a defective RNA virus. It required HBsAG to protect it.
31
Infection with what virus is needed for HDV to survive?
HDV can't exist without HBV infection! It needs HBsAg to protect it.
32
How is HDV transmitted?
Blood-borne transmission, particularly IVDU.
33
Is HCV a RNA or DNA virus?
HCV is a RNA virus.
34
How is HCV transmitted?
Blood borne.
35
Give 4 risk factors for developing HBV/HCV infection.
1. IVDU. 2. People who have required blood products e.g. blood transfusion. 3. Needle-stick injuries. 4. Unprotected sexual intercourse. 5. Materno-foetal transmission.
36
How might you diagnose someone with current HCV infection?
Viral serology - HCV RNA tells you if the infection is still present.
37
You want to find out if someone has previously been infected with HCV. How could you do this?
Viral serology - anti-HCV IgM/IgG indicates that someone has either a current infection or a previous infection.
38
Describe the treatment for HCV.
Lots of new drugs have been developed recently for HCV infection. Direct acting antivirals (DAA) are currently in use e.g. NS5A and NS5B.
39
What percentage of people with acute HCV infection will progress onto chronic infection?
Approximately 70%.
40
What percentage of people with acute HBV infection will progress onto chronic infection?
Approximately 5%.
41
How can HCV infection be prevented.
1. Screen blood products. 2. Lifestyle modification. 3. Needle exchange. There is currently no vaccination and previous infection does not confer immunity.
42
What types of viral hepatitis are capable of causing chronic infection?
Hepatitis B (+/-D); C and E in the immunosuppressed.
43
How long after infection with hepatitis B virus is HBsAg present in the serum for?
HBsAg will be present in the serum from 6 weeks - 3 months after infection.
44
How long after infection with hepatitis B virus is anti-HBV core (IgM) present in the serum for?
Anti-HBV core (igM) slowly rises from 6 weeks after infection and its serum level peaks at about 4 months.
45
How would you know if an individual had been vaccinated against hepatitis B?
They would have anti-HBV IgG in their serum.

Gastrointestinal and Liver 2.0 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions