Viral Hepatitis Flashcards
(39 cards)
What are the 2 RNA hep viruses?
- which one is DNA?
- which hep doesnt cause chronic hep?
- chronic hep rates with hep B vs C?
RNA= hep A and C {think: RAC}
DNA: hep B
- A
- B: 10%, C: 70%.
Hep A:
- what kind of virus is hep A?
NON-ENVELOPED RNA virus (VERY stable, can hide in for long time outside body, in water, sewers etc).
Hep A transmission?
fecal oral –> concerned with carriers handlign FOOD. poop to mouth.
in Hep A, what is responsible for DAMAGING THE LIVER CELLS?
- ONCE infection is cleared, is hepatic damage repaired?
- why are children often ASYMPTOMATIC COMPARED TO AUDLTS?
it’s the IMMUNE SYST RESPONSE TO VIRUS, not the virus itself!
yes!
- Cuz their immune system is more immature.
Why can you give hep A right before going on a trip? and can still give post exposure hep A vax?
When does ALT peak in Hep A ?
cuz of long incubation period (28 d).
When clincial illness starts to go up around 3-4 wks after exposure!
What are ways of PREVENTIONG Hep A? 4
- proper handwashing and sanditation
- boil water/food (bottled water)
- hep A vax
- Immunoglobulin if can’t be vaccinated or if need immediate protection cuz was exposed long time ago.
what is HepA trx?
generally self limiting, so just supportive and sx care.
Hep B:
What type of virus is Hep B?
- ENVELOped DS DNA
{enveloped= means less stable virus ; think: it’s inverse}
in Hep B, why are older adutls more able to clear Hep B virus compared to children and immunocompromised?
cuz of theiri stronger immune system, so they’re less liekly to become chronically infected. That’s why we’re more worried about Hep B infection in those with WEAKer immune systems (young, elderly, iC’d).
Hep B Signs & Sx:
- Can both acute and chronic Hep B be asymptomatic?
- what are the msot common sx of acute hep B?
- What labs would distinguish btwn ACUTE AND CHRONIC HEP B?
yes!
- hep B sx: fever, fatigue, loss of appetitei, n/v, possibly jaundice (basically, just feeling liek you have a virus).
Labs:
- chronic hep if HBsAg positive for more than 6 months
- and intermittent elevations in ALT/AST.
What are the GOALS of therapy for Hep B?
- what is the best course for hep B?
- is there a cure for HepB?
- best course is Prevention! so Hep B vaccination.
- since no CURE for hep B, goal is to SUPRRESS HBV-DNA REPLICATION to PREVENT DISEASE PROGRESSION and mortality.
What are some ways to PREVENT Hep B? 4
Hep B vacc
Hep B immunogloublins for passive immunity.
barrier protection cuz this is sexually transmitted and blood borne.
Avoid sharing tools that could be contaminated with blood (needles, razors)
When did blood banks start screening for Hep C?
1990
Whcih Hep is the numer 1 cause of liver cirrhosis, liver related deaths, and liver transplants?
Hep C
- rates higher in areas with lower medical standards (sharing needles etc- africa nad egypt).
_____ of pppl living with hep C are unaware.
20-44%
What are the pops DISPROPROTIONATELY affected by HCV?
- those born btwn 19__ -___
Indigenous people, people who inject drugs, immigrants, homeless or
incarcerated populations, as well as those born between 1946-1965
- basically, anyone in lower socioeconomic statuses cuz less access to care.
Which provinces have hvae the highest rates of HCV and why?
SK and MB- more drug use
How is Hep C transmitted?
it’s a ____ Illness
–> is it highly contagious through sexual contact?
- primarily through sharing ______
- unsterile _______/____.
- unsterile _______/____.
- can it be transmitted from parent to child ? risk ?
- reusing what?
- blood borne!!! It “Can” be transmitted sexually, but not efficient transmission sexually and it’s probs from trace amounts of blood more likely.
- primarily through sharing needles
- unsterile tattooing/body piercing.
- unsterile medical/dental procedures
- can be transmitted from parent to child (5% risk, but not reason to not have kids).
- reusing tools that could be contaminated with BLOOD (razors, tooth brush, nail clippers).
Which Hepatitis is MOST infectious in terms of blood-borne transmission?
Hep B > C > HIV
Hep C:
- what type of virus is Hep C?
- how many genotypes of Hep C exist?
- Are new treatments effective against all genotypes of HepC?
- How does the Hep C virus actually DAMAGE the hepatocytes?
- why is it so challenging to find a vax to hep C?
- single stranded rna
- 6
- yes!
- Virus itself can lead to damage to hepatocytes, continusou cell-cell spread and therefore chronic inflammation.
- frequent mutations
Hep C presentation:
- usually _________
- When is HCV detectable from exposure?
- general sx?
- asympt
- within 1-2 wks and ALT spikes during acute infection
- general: like other hep infectiosn –> fatigue, weakenss, anorexia, abd pain, jaundice.
Hep C clinical course if untreated:
- Waht percentage of acute HCV infection proceedds to resolution vs CHRONIC HCV?
- What percentage of chronic HCV develops into cirrhosis?
- of the cirrhosis, waht percentage leads to lvier cancer?
- when do ppl start developing cirrhosis from exposure?
- 75% will dvlp chronic hep C
- 25 % will clear on own w/o further issues.
- 20%
- 1-4%
- 20 yrs after exposure.
Hep C clinical course if untreated:
- Waht percentage of acute HCV infection proceedds to resolution vs CHRONIC HCV?
- What percentage of chronic HCV develops into cirrhosis?
- of the cirrhosis, waht percentage leads to lvier cancer?
- when do ppl start developing cirrhosis from exposure?
- 75% will dvlp chronic hep C
- 25 % will clear on own w/o further issues.
- 20%
- 1-4%
- 20 yrs after exposure.
What are some ways to PREVENT HEP C TRANSMISSION?
- avoid sharing what?
- cover _______
- education on risk of what?
- clena blood spills with what?
- avoid sharing razors, tooth brushes etc
- avoid sharing needles
- cover bleeding wounds
- education on risk of sexual transmmission ( usualyl from bleeding- so like, anal sex).
- clena blood spills wiht bleach
