Viral Hepatitis Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is a hernia?
It is a protrusion of a viscus or part of a viscus through a weak point in its containing wall.
What is the most common type of abdominal wall hernia?
Inguinal hernia.
In which gender are inguinal hernias more prevalent?
Males.
What is the lifetime risk for developing an inguinal hernia?
Higher in men, with a peak incidence in middle-aged and older individuals.
Which hernia type is more prevalent in older women?
Femoral hernia.
What are common risk factors for abdominal wall hernias?
- Age
- Gender
- Family history
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Chronic cough
- Conditions increasing intra-abdominal pressure (e.g., pregnancy, heavy lifting).
What is the significance of the transversalis fascia in hernias?
It marks the opening of the deep inguinal ring, indicating the beginning of the inguinal canal.
What is the role of the linea alba?
It is a central fibrous structure formed by the fusion of the aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles.
What is a paraumbilical hernia?
A type of hernia that occurs in adults across the linea alba.
What are the symptoms of a strangulated hernia?
Obstructed and strangulated hernias require urgent surgical intervention for better outcomes.
What is the gold standard surgery for abdominal wall hernias?
Tension-free mesh repair.
What are the early complications of hernia surgery?
- Bleeding
- Hematoma
- Seroma
- Bowel or bladder injury
- Urinary retention
- Ilioinguinal nerve injury
- Scrotal edema.
What is the definition of an incisional hernia?
It develops at the site of a previous surgical incision.
Fill in the blank: Umbilical hernias are common in _______.
infants.
What is the typical presentation of an inguinal hernia?
A bulge in the groin that becomes more prominent when coughing or straining.
What is the difference between direct and indirect inguinal hernias?
Direct hernias occur medial to the inferior epigastric vessels, while indirect hernias occur lateral to the vessels.
What imaging studies can be performed for doubtful hernias?
- Ultrasound
- CT scan.
What is the importance of the cough impulse test?
It helps differentiate between inguinal and femoral hernias.
What is a Spigelian hernia?
Occurs along the semilunar line on the side of the abdomen, involving a defect through transversus abdominis and internal oblique muscles.
What are the indications for primary suture repair of umbilical hernias?
- Complicated hernias at any age
- Hernia present after age 4
- Large (5 cm) defect at age 1.
What is the typical age range for pediatric umbilical hernias to close spontaneously?
80% close by age 2.
True or False: Laparoscopic repair is the optimal approach for Spigelian hernias.
False.
What are the symptoms of bowel obstruction in hernia patients?
- Colicky abdominal pain
- Vomiting
- Abdominal distention
- Constipation.
What does the deep ring occlusion test help to assess?
It helps differentiate between types of inguinal hernias.
