Viral Infections

Question 1

Rhinovirus, Coronavirus, Coxsackie virus.

What are the common location of infection for these pathogens?

Answer 1

nasopharynx

Question 2

What are the common location of infection for these pathogens?
Epstein-Barr virus, Adenovirus, Enteroviruses

Answer 2

oropharynx

Question 3

What are the common location of infection for these pathogens?

Adenovirus, Herpesviruses

Answer 3

conjunctiva

Question 4

What are the common location of infection for these pathogens?

Parainfluenza viruses

Answer 4

larynx-trachea

Question 5

What are the common location of infection for these pathogens?

influenza, measles

Answer 5

bronchi

Question 6

What are the common location of infection for these pathogens?

RSV

Answer 6

bronchioles

Question 7

what type of genome do adenoviruses ha ve?

Answer 7

Linear, non-segmented, d/s DNA,

Question 8

What groups are at risk for acute respiratory illness or pneumonia due to adenovirus?

Answer 8

individuals in crowded conditions - military recruits, boarding school students, etc

Question 9

What kind of genome do coronaviruses have?

Answer 9

non segment, ss, + RNA

Question 10

How are coronaviruses transmitted?

Answer 10

Transmitted by aerosols of respiratory secretions, growth appears to be localized in epithelium of URT

Question 11

When is coronavirus infection most common among children?

Answer 11

winter

Question 12

Civets, ferrets, and bats are common reservoirs for what kind of virus?

Answer 12

coronavirus

Question 13

What is the reservoir for SARS?

Answer 13

bats and civets

Question 14

What is SARS?

Answer 14

severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus

Question 15

What is MERS?

Answer 15

middle east respiratory syndrome caused by corona virus

Question 16

What is the reservoir for MERS?

Answer 16

camels

Question 17

Orthomyxovirus is another name for what virus?

Answer 17

influenza

Question 18

An acute respiratory disease with prominent systemic symptoms despite the fact that the infection rarely extends beyond the respiratory tract mucosa describes what infection?

Answer 18

influenza

Question 19

What is the orthomyxovirus (influenza) genome like?

Answer 19

ss, negative RNA with 8 segments

Question 20

What proteins are used to categorize types of influenza?

Answer 20

protein M and NP

Question 21

What proteins are important in the pathogenesis of influenza?

Answer 21

hemagglutinin (H antigen) and Neuraminidase (N antigen)

Question 22

What does the H antigen do in influenza?

Answer 22

bind to the cell

Question 23

what does the N antigen do in influenza?

Answer 23

allows mature virus to escape the cell

Question 24

Define antigenic shift

Answer 24

When the H or N antigen for influenza changes subtypes (H1, 2 or 3 and N1 or 2)

Question 25

Define antigenic drift

Answer 25

slight changes in the H and N antigens which allow for escape from the immune system but do not change the type of antigen

Question 26

what causes epidemics and pandemics: antigenic shift or drift?

Answer 26

shift

Question 27

Who is at highest risk for complications from influenza such as pneumonia?

Answer 27

the very young, the very old, the pregnant, and persons with underlying cardiopulmonary, metabolic, and renal diseases

Question 28

Abrupt onset with fever (102°-104° F), chills, rigors, headache, congested conjunctiva, extreme prostration with myalgia in the back and limbs, and infection of the pharynx and conjunctiva. These are all symptoms of what?

Answer 28

influenza

Question 29

When do influenza fevers abate? when is complete recovery usually achieved?

Answer 29

4 days, a week

Question 30

What causes pneumonia in influenza patients?

Answer 30

typically a secondary bacterial pneumonia such as s. aureus, h. influenza, or strep pyogenes

Question 31

What is the main way you can differentiate influenza pneumonia from atypical pneumonia?

Answer 31

onset - influenza tends to be acute

Question 32

How is the flu diagnosed?

Answer 32

fluorescent antibody testing or serology

Question 33

What are two kinds of chemoprophylaxis for the flu?

Answer 33

amantadine or tamiflu **

Question 34

What 2 types of viruses are included in paramyxovirus?

Answer 34

parainfluenza and mumps

Question 35

Which of the following cause acute respiratory disease: 1. morbilliviruses and mumps 2. parainfluenza and RSV

Answer 35

2 - PIV and RSV

Question 36

What kind of genome do paramyxoviruses have?

Answer 36

non segmented negative RNA

Question 37

How is mumps prevented?

Answer 37

vaccination (live attenuatd)

Question 38

Among whom are mumps complications such as orchitis and meningitis common: children or adults?

Answer 38

adults

Question 39

Red, maculopapular rash and Koplik spots are indicative of what virus?

Answer 39

measles

Question 40

What is a rare but serious complication from measles?

Answer 40

subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis

Question 41

Among whom should measles vaccination be avoided?

Answer 41

pregnant individuals

Question 42

What does RSV cause?

Answer 42

LRTI in children and infants

Question 43

Where does RSV initially cause infection?

Answer 43

URT. in half of children under 8 months, it drops down into LRT and causes croup, bronchitis and pneumonia

Question 44

Croup, bronchitis and pneumonia in young children is frequently caused by what virus?

Answer 44

RSV

Question 45

Is there long term immunty against RSV?

Answer 45

nope and no vaccine

Question 46

What is an effective treatment for RSV?

Answer 46

palivixumab

Question 47

What is the main cause of the common cold?

Answer 47

rhinovirus

Question 48

What causes the symptoms of the common cold with rhinovirus infection?

Answer 48

damage to ciliated epithelium in URT

Question 49

When you are sick with a flu like illness, how long should you stay home?

Answer 49

24 hours past the time the fever is gone