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pharmacotherapy 2 > virals quiz > Flashcards

virals quiz Flashcards

1
Q

A laboratory test recommended for a diagnosis of HIV infection is

A

Positive HIV ELISA

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2
Q

A multi-drug resistant TB is suspected if the patient is having resistances to

A

isoniazid and rifampin

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3
Q

The following drug could be used in case of HIV virologic failure

A

Enfuviritide

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4
Q

Diagnosis of TB could be confirmed using

A

Tuberculin skin testing (TST)

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5
Q

Risk factor for acquiring HIV infection is

A

Men who have sex with men

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6
Q

A possible cause of HIV virologic failure could be

A

Pharmacokinetic issues

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7
Q

HIV treatment response and disease progression could be monitored by

A

HIV RNA viral load and CD4

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8
Q

A pharmacologic option available for and induvial to protect him/her from acquiring HIV from his/her infected partner

A

tenofovir+emtricitabine

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9
Q

The choice and duration of anti-tuberculous therapy for extra-pulmonary TB is the same as for pulmonary TB, with the exception of central nervous system disease (12 months of therapy) and bone and joint disease ( 6 to 9 months of therapy).

A

true

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10
Q

Latent tuberculosis occurs when the tubercle bacilli are inhaled into the body and the patient is often asymptomatic with no radiographic evidence

A

true

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11
Q

Best recommendation for a 35-year-old man who had a recent possible exposure to hepatitis A virus since a week is to continue to observe foe symptoms

A

true

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12
Q

Rapid-identification tests of tuberculosis could be achieved using bacterial amplification tests utilizing PCR (Polygerase Cycling Reaction)

A

false

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13
Q

Prevention of opportunistic in patients with HIV is possible by avoiding exposure to the organisms that can potentially cause these conditions such as paying more attention to the food hygiene.

A

false

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14
Q

P.I. is a 35-year-old woman who presents to the clinic with a 2-week history of night sweats, fatigue, weight loss, and a persistent cough. A TB skin test is place, and a sputum sample is taken; then, P.I is sent home with a prescription for levofloxacin 750mg/day orally. Two days later, her skin reaction is measured at 20-mm induration, and her sputum sample is positive of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Which regimen is the best therapy for P.I.?

A

Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for 2months, followed by Isoniazid and rifampin for 4 more months.

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15
Q

As part of a multidrug attack on a patients infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis .a physician plans to use an aminoglycosides antibiotics. Which of the following is most active against the tubercle bacillus and seems to be associated with the fewest problems with resistance?

A

Amikacin

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16
Q

F.G. is a 27-year-old man who is HIV positive but asymptomatic. His CD4 count is 550 cells/mm3, and his viral load is 5000 copies/ml. Which is the best treatment for F.G.?

A

Initiate emtricitabine/tenofovir only because this CD4 count is still
above 500 cells/mm3

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17
Q

SJ is a 42-year-old man who has annual TB skin test performed because he works at a long-term care facility. The skin test was positive forty-eight hours later. This is the first time he has reacted to this test. His chest radiograph is negative. Which one of the following is appropriate for MR SJ at this stage?

A

SJ should be started on isoniazid 300mg daily for 6 months.

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18
Q

For which of the following infection is prophylaxis available in the form a vaccine?

A

Hepatitis A & B

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19
Q

Which statement best describes the scientific rationale for using combination of medication for a patient diagnosed with AIDS?
The combination of medication is less expensive than hospitalization for HIV.
• Protease inhibitors counteract the side effects of the other medications.
• Multiple medication are needed to eradicate the HIV infection completely •
The combination prevents or delays the clientas complications from HIV
Hepatitis A & B
infection.

A

The combination prevents or delays the clientas complications from HIV
Hepatitis A & B
infection.

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20
Q

A 35-year-old man recently diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis started a treatment with the first line anti-TB drugs but 2 months later, susceptibility testing revealed a resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The first line drugs were discontinued, and two other drugs were prescribed, which of the following pairs of drugs would be most appropriate for the patient at this time?
• Streptomycin and moxifloxacin Amikacin and vancomycin
• Ethionamide and azithromycin Imipemen and doxycycline
• Ceftriaxone and linezolid

A

streptomycin + moxifloxacin

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21
Q

The following vitamin should be given to prevent the side effect(s) that might arise form the use of isoniazid: Pyridoxine
Riboflavin
Ascorbic acid
Nicotinic acids

A

pyridoxine

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22
Q

Which of the following drug combination is recommended for chronic hepatitis C infection?

A

Pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin

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23
Q 
Treatment of latent TB infections in which isoniazid-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are predominant could include:
• Rifampin and pyrazinamide
• Isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide
• Isoniazid, rifampin and ethambutol
• Isoniazid, ethambutol and pyrazinamide
A

Rifampin and pyrazinamide

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24
Q

The main mode of transmission of viral hepatitis D:
Sneezing Coughing
Drinking contaminated water
blood transfusion

A

blood transfusion

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25
Q

A 56-year- old man with viral hepatitis B started a treatment with Pegylated interferon alfa. After 9 months, he was still positive for HepBsAg. The following drug should have been used also:
lamivudine Adefovir Tenofovir Simeprevir

A

tenofovir

26
Q

A man exposed to hepatitis C wants to know if anything can be done to prevent getting hepatitis C. Which information should be discussed with him?
• Tell him to go to the nearest emergency department as soon as possible.
• Instruct him to get an immune globulin injection within 2 weeks.
• Explain that there is a hepatitis C vaccine available that the ha can receive.
Inform him that there is nothing available to help prevent
hepatitis C.

A

Inform him that there is nothing available to help prevent

hepatitis C.

27
Q

A 10-year-old boy has pulmonary TB. After initial
hospitalization. He is now being treated at home. Which statement about this case is accurate?
• His 3-year-old sibling should receive INH prophylaxis
• His mother, who takes care of him, does not need INH
prophylaxis.
• A baseline auditory function test is essential before drug
treatment is initiated.
• The potential nephrotoxicity of the prescribed drugs warrants
periodic assessment of renal function.

A

• His 3-year-old sibling should receive INH prophylaxis

28
Q

A 50-year-old man admitted to the hospital for active pulmonary TB. He is HIV +ve, but is not on HAART. What is the most appropriate initial therapy?
• Isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol
• Isoniazid, rifamin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide
• Isoniazid, ribavirin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide and
streptomycin
• Withhold therapy until sensitivities are available

A

Isoniazid, rifamin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide

29
Q 
The following would be an appropriate treatment for a 13 weeks pregnant female just tested positive for HIV.
•
•
•
•
Zidovudine + lamivudine + efavirenz
Zidovudine + lamivudine + indinavir
Zidovudine + maraviroc + indinavir Stavudine+ didanosine + nevirapine
A

Zidovudine + lamivudine + indinavir

30
Q 
The following regimen can be used for treatment of viral hepatitis C genotype 4:
• •
• •
Sofosbuvir + Ledispavir
Sofosbuvir + ribavirin
PEG-IFN + Sofosbuvir PEG-IFN + ribavirin
A

sofusbuvir + ribavirin

31
Q

A 40-year-old white man is seen today for a new diagnosis of chronic HCV, genotype 4, Pretreatment laboratory values showed high liver enzymes and high HCV RNA. He reports no known drug allergies. The best option for treating this patients chronic HCV infection that can be added to PEG- interferon is

A

sofusbuvir + ribavirin

32
Q

The following drugs should only be used for treatment of HIV in antiretroviral-experienced patients:
• Stavudine, nevirapine Zidovudine, efavirenz
• Enfuviritide, maraviroc Abacavir, atazanavir

A

• Enfuviritide, maraviroc

33
Q

A 23 year old HIV positive female is treated with anti-HIV regimen though still have high viral load. The following drugs could be considered for this patient at this stage:

A

Enfuviritide, maraviroc

34
Q

A treatment regimen that can be used for treatment of HIV- positive patient (written 2017)

A

highly active anti retroviral therapy (HAART)

35
Q

The recommended first line treatment regimen for all HIV naïve patient is called:
• •
•
•
highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
highly active aids relieve therapy (HAART) highly active acquired therapy (HAART) highly efficient antiretroviral therapy (HEART) highly effective antiretroviral therapy (HEART)

A

highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

36
Q

What is the best recommendation for a 50-year-old Asian women seeking advice regarding a recent possible exposure to hepatitis A. A virus 3 weeks earlier? She has not received the HAV vaccine previously.
• Initiate HAV vaccine
• Initiate HAV vaccine and immune globulin
• Administer HAV immune globulin.

A

Continue to observe the patient for symptoms.

37
Q
  1. The best recommendation for a 57-year-old presenting to the hospital after a recent possible exposure to hepatitis A virus 3 weeks earlier.The patient mentioned that has not received the HAV vaccine previously.
A

Continue to observe the patient for symptoms

38
Q

The following can be used in high-risk HIV-negative adults to reduce the risk of sexually acquired HIV-1:
• Stavudine + didanosine Didanosine+ nevirapine
• Zidovudine+ maraviroc Tenofivir+ emtricitabine

A

Tenofivir+ emtricitabine

39
Q
  1. A 33 years old man was discovered to be HIV-positive. The drug(s) that could be used to protect his HIV-negative wife from the disease could be (written2018)
A

Tenofivir+ emtricitabine

40
Q

6.The following necessitate stopping the anti-TB drug treatment: • High HIV viral lad despite treatment
• The patient continued to experience symptoms one week a • Development of HCV in a patient who already has TB
• Transaminases that are 6x the upper limit of normal

A

• Transaminases that are 6x the upper limit of normal

41
Q 
7. All the following could be modes of transmission of HIV,
•
•
•
EXCEPT:
Infected mother to infant
Drinking contaminated water
Unprotected sexual contact with an infected person. Sharing needles or syringes with an infected person.
A

Drinking contaminated water

42
Q

The best recommendation for a young woman whose husband was found to be positive for hepatitis B should be. The woman derived ever hepatitis B or having received the hepatitis B vaccinations.
• Advise the woman not to drink any type of alcoholic beverages.
• Continue to observe the patient for symptoms.
• Instruct the woman not to have unprotected sexual
intercourse
initiate HBV vaccination and hepatitis B immune globulin

A

initiate HBV vaccination and hepatitis B immune globulin

43
Q
  1. A 34 year old man was found to have hepatitis B infection. The best recommendation at this stage for the wife of this patient who denied ever having hepatitis B or having received the hepatitis B vaccinations.
A

Initiate HBV vaccination and hepatitis B immune globulin

44
Q

A nurse in the emergency department has just been stuck with a needle from HIV +ve patient. Which of the following could be used for post-exposure prophylaxis?
• •
Zidovudine for 4 weeks
Combination of Zidovudine + maraviroc+ nelfinavir to be started within 2 hours of exposure and continued for 4 weeks.
Continued to observe the patient for symptoms.
Combination of Zidovudine + Lamivudine + nelfinavir to be
started within 2 hours of exposure and continued for 4 weeks.

A

Combination of Zidovudine + Lamivudine + nelfinavir to be

started within 2 hours of exposure and continued for 4 weeks.

45
Q

An emergency department nurse has just been stuck with a needle from HIV +ve patient with a known high viral load. Which of the following should be used for this nurse:

A

Combination of Zidovudine + Lamivudine + nelfinavir to be

started within 2 hours of exposure and continued for 4 weeks.

46
Q

A nurse received a needle-stick injury?with a contaminated needle from a patient diagnosed With AIDS. Which medications should the nurse begin within hours of the needle stick?
• No medication are recommended to prevent the conversion to HIV-positive
• Single-agent therapy with a non-nucleoside transcriptase inhibitors.
• A combination of antiviral and antifungal medications with an antibiotic. A combination of a protease inhibitor and reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A

A combination of a protease inhibitor and reverse transcriptase inhibitors

47
Q
  1. A 38-year- old white man is seen for a new diagnosis of chronic HCV genotype 1a. Which option is best for treating this patients chronic HCV infection?
A

Pegylated interferon, ribavirin and Simeprevir

48
Q

The following can NOT be used for monitoring HAART Treatment efficacy & safety:
• Thyroid function test • CBC
• HIV RNA (viral load)
• CD4+ lymphocyte count (CD4+ count) and percentage
Urea & electrolytes

A

Thyroid function test

49
Q

All the following can be used for monitoring of HIV treatment efficacy and/ or Safety, EXCEPT:

A

Thyroid function test

50
Q

A 47-year- old female is seen today for a follow-up on her hepatitis B infection. The patient was treated with entecavir without a success. The best option for treating this patients HBV infection could be:

A

tenofovir + PEG interferon for 4 months

51
Q

A 57- year- old man admitted to the hospital for active pulmonary TB. He is HCV +ve on treatment Initial phase of treatment for his TB has just finished and a continuation phase needs to be started. What drugs could be used and foe how long?

A

tenofovir + PEG interferon for 4 months

52
Q

A homeless and IV cocaine abuser is diagnosed with TB after identification of AFB in sputum +ve PPD test. Three months ago, the patient finished a TB treatment regimen. Which treatment regimen is recommended currently?
• Clofazimine+ cycloserine + Terizidone+ Prothionamide
• Rifampin+ isoniazid+ Pyrazinamide + Ethambutol
• Levofloxacin + Bedaquiline+ Clofazimine+ cycloserine
Levofloxacin + Moxifloxacin+ Clofazimine+ cycloserine+ P- aminosalicyclic acid

A

Levofloxacin + Bedaquiline+ Clofazimine+ cycloserine

53
Q

A 20-years old male who is and IV drug abuser is diagnosed with TB after identification of AFB in sputum +ve PPD test. patient finished a TB treatment regimen. The treatment regimen is recommended currently for this patient could be

A

Levofloxacin + Bedaquiline+ Clofazimine+ cycloserine

54
Q

The primary reason for the use of drug combinations in the treatment of TB is to:
• Delay or prevent the emergence of resistance.
• Ensure patient compliance with the drug regimen.
• Increase antimycobacterial activity synergistically.
• Provide prophylaxis against other opportunistic bacterial
infections

A

• Delay or prevent the emergence of resistance.

55
Q
  1. The main reason for the use of drug combinations in the treatment of TB is to:
A

• Delay or prevent the emergence of resistance.

56
Q

Which of the following individuals with a known history of latent TB infection (without therapy) has the LOWEST likelihood of developing reactivation TB?
• A 2-year-old baby whose mother been diagnosed with TB
recently.
• A 28-year-old nurse who take care of TB patients.
• A 42-year-old man is HIV-positive with a CD4 count of
340/MicroL on highly active antiretroviral therapy.
A 52-year-old man who works as a petrochemical engineer

A

A 52-year-old man who works as a petrochemical engineer

57
Q

All the following are True about the human immunodeficiency virus, EXCEPT

A

Two types of viruses exist which are similar molecularly and serologically and type-1 is the main cause of ADIS in the world.

58
Q

The primary goal of HCV treatment is:

A

• To achieve sustained virologic response, which is defined as achieving undetectable HCV RNA levels at 12 weeks or longer after treatment completion.

59
Q

. A 9-year-old girl was diagnosed with pulmonary TB. After initial hospitalization, she is now being treated at home. Family members are enquiring if there is any drug they need to take or anything they need to do further to their daughter disease

A

Isoniazid

60
Q
  1. A 25-year-old HIV-positive male presents to the emergency with shortness of breath and a fever. Physical exam reveals fever, HR 100 bpm, and decreased breath sounds in the left lower lobe of lungs. Chest x-ray is positive for infiltrates in the left lung. He is diagnosed with an opportunistic infections with no previous history and is not on any medications at this time (he has not be en by a health care provider in over a year). His CD4+ count is 13 cells/mm3 and viral load is 170, 198 copies /mL. He wishes to be started on HIV therapy. Which of the following would be an appropriate regimen?
A

Tenofovir + emtricitabine + atazanavir

pharmacotherapy 2 (8 decks)

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