Viro Quiz 2- Bovine

Question 0

Bovine Leukemia viral Family

Answer 0

Retroviridae, deltaretrovirus

Question 1

Foot and Mouth Disease viral family

Answer 1

Picornaviridae, Apthavirus

Question 2

Malignant Catarrhal Fever viral family

Answer 2

Herpesviridae, Acelaphine, herpesvirus 1

Question 3

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis viral family

Answer 3

Herpesviridae, herpes virus 1

Question 4

Parainfluenza 3

Answer 4

Paramyxoviridae, respirovirus

Question 5

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Disease viral family

Answer 5

Paramyxoviridae, Pneumonovirus

Question 6

What is the Bovine Rotavirus Diarrhea viral family?

Answer 6

Reoviridae, rotavirus gp A

Question 7

What is the Bovine Coronavirus Diarrhea viral family.

Answer 7

Coronaviridae, coronavirus

Question 8

F & M disease, public health issues:

How many serotypes?

Answer 8

Notifiable, zoonotic disease (rare)

7 (seven) serotypes

Question 9

F & M disease, when is viral excretion

Answer 9

24 hours before clinical signs.

Question 10

Picornaviridae causes what in swine, ruminants and horses?

Answer 10

Cattle and swine- vesicular mucosal lesions (stomatitis).

Horses - refractory (no infection)

Question 11

What is the most important economic factor (loss) of F & M disease?

Answer 11

Slow recovery after the disease.

Question 12

Why can F & N disease spread very quickly in a naive population?

Answer 12

Highly infectious, high titer in resp secretions, lg droplet vol produced, env stability, rapid replication cycle, short incubation time,

Shedding b/4 clinical signs.

Question 13

What is the morbidity and mortality of F & M dz?

Answer 13

High morbidity, low mortality.

Question 14

In endemic country, why does new type (serotype) goes through like a new disease?

Answer 14

Lack of cross protection between serotypes.

Question 15

Why are vaccines for F & M not very efficient?

Answer 15

Each vaccine type only protects against one strain which undergoes continuous shift.

Question 16

What causes abortion in FMD cattle?

Answer 16

High fever.

Question 17

How is FMD transmitted?

Answer 17

Droplet inhalation, --> long dist air- low temp, high humid, overcast
Infected food,
Contaminated vaccines, 
Semen
Fomites.

Question 18

When does shedding occur in FMD?

Answer 18

24 hours b/4 clinical signs.

Question 19

How long is FMD persistent in the host?

Answer 19

Cattle- up to 2 years

Sheep- 6 months

Swine- not persistent

Question 20

What is the immunity status of FMD after recovery?

Answer 20

Immunity is short-lived and not protective vs the other 6 serotypes.

Also genetic drift may allow an animal to be infected by a new strain of the same serotype later on.

Question 21

What are the keys for FMD diagnosis?

Answer 21

Rapid diagnosis is essential, esp in countries that are disease free.
DDX for FMD
Notifiable disease w/ lab confirmation.
Antigen Elisa- comprehensive, detects all types, RT-PCR to trace source. Ab Elisa–>

Question 22

How is FMD expressed in humans?

Answer 22

Benign, subclinical, fever, anorexia from contam meat.

Vesiculation on skin/mucosa- mouth, hands and d
Feet.

Mostly –> close contact with infected animals and lab workers.

Question 23

Is bovine leukemia zoonotic?

Answer 23

No, but was isolated in human breast tissue.

Question 24

Is there inter species transmission with bovine leukemia?

Answer 24

Not proven but has been found in sheep and goats

Question 25

What is bovine leukemia cause in sheep?

Answer 25

Lymphosarcoma

Question 26

What is the most common clinical sign for bovine leukemia?

Answer 26

Asymptomatic, but can run serology.

Question 27

What is the herd prevalance for bovine leukemia and what proportion may show clinical signs?

Answer 27

100% of the herd will be seropositive but only 30% develop persistent lymphocytosis with no clinical signs.

Question 28

What will the prevalance and type of clinical signs for bovine leukemia in a herd?

Answer 28

About 3% of age 4-8 cows will develop a solid lymphoid tumor.

Question 29

What will show in the blood for bovine leukemia lymphosarcomas?

Answer 29

No malignant signs in the blood.

Question 30

Where in the body are lymphomas from bovine leukemia likely to occur?

Answer 30

LN, abomasum, spleen, heart, kidneys, uterus, spinal meningies and brain.

Question 31

How is bovine leukemia tested for and is it mandatory?

Answer 31

Antibody Elisa, syncytium inhibition assays (used for test and removal strategies). Owners choice to do testing.

Question 32

How is bovine leukemia transmitted?

Answer 32

Horizontal, requires close, prolonged direct contact. Avoid iatrogenic. Calves vertical transmission <10%. Isolate, test at 6 months to rule out maternal antibodies.

Question 33

When should the inactivated vaccine not be used?

Answer 33

For test and cull programs as the vaccine will interfere with the antibody Elisa.

Question 35

What does Malignant Catarrhal Fever cause in cattle!

Answer 35

Fatal generalized lymphproliferative disease.

Question 36

What are the three epidemiological routes of Malignant Catarrhal fever in cattle?

Answer 36

Africa/zoos- wildebeest calving Outside Africa- during lambing with cows in the same field. NAm feedlot cattle- disease not specifically identified.

Question 37

What is the primary symptom of Malignant Catarrhal Fever and what does it lead to?

Answer 37

Bilateral ophthalmia, leading to blindness, few survive.

Question 38

What are the other clinical signs of malignant catarrhal fever in cattle?

Answer 38

``` Ocular and nasal discharge Leukopenia, fever, depression *Generalized lymphadenopathy *Extensive mucosal erosions--> diarrhea *CNS signs (typical of herpes infections) ```

Question 39

What can PCR be used to detect in cattle recovered from malignant catarrhal disease?

Answer 39

Persistence of the virus in the animal.

Question 40

What is the method for diagnosis of malignant catarrhal fever in cattle?

Answer 40

History, Clinical signs, Viral isolation in calf thyroid cells. Check for Herpes CPE.

Question 41

How is malignant catarrhal fever transmitted between cattle?

Answer 41

It isn't, cattle are a dead-end host for this virus, only cross-infection from target species (wildebeest and sheep) is possibly.

Question 42

Is there a vaccine for malignant catarrhal fever in cattle?

Answer 42

No, but unsuccessful attempts have been made.

Question 46

What is the viral family of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus?

Answer 46

Flaviridae, pestivirus

Question 47

What is the viral family for Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis?

Answer 47

Herpesviridae, BHV 1

Question 48

What is the viral family of Bovine Papillomatosis.

Answer 48

Papovaviridae, papillomavirus.

Question 49

What is the viral family of Bovine Mammilitis?

Answer 49

Herpesviridae, BHV 2

Question 50

What is the viral family of Pseudocowpox?

Answer 50

Poxviridae, Parapoxvirus.

Question 51

What are the three presentations for clinical signs of BVD?

Answer 51

1) Postnatal, non pregnant cows 2) Pregnant cows 3) Persistently infected calves (born to infected cows) w associated mucosal disease.

Question 52

How does BVD present in postnatal, non pregnant cattle?

Answer 52

May see fever or panleukopenia, but can pass without notice of infection (trivial in most animals). Some cattle show diarrhea, nasal and ocular discharge, erosive stomatitis (DDX w FMD), dairy->drop in milk yield. Immuno-suppression-> 2ry infection, GI bacterial infection.

Question 53

How does BVD progress in pregnant cattle?

Answer 53

Transplacental spread- outcome dependent on strain and age of fetus. 125- fetus becomes immunologically competent and mounts immune response -> weak calf syndrome, congenital defects (CNS, retina).

Question 54

What is the most common defect in BVD weak calf syndrome?

Answer 54

Cerebellar hypoplasia. | Manifests as ataxia, tremors, wide stance, stumbling, death.

Question 55

What are the two types of sequellae in PI calves of BVD and when do they occur?

Answer 55

Acute and chronic mucosal disease. Occur at 6-18 months.

Question 56

What is a PI BVD calf immunotolerant to?

Answer 56

Noncytopathic (ncp) BVDV.

Question 57

What will cause clinically normal PI BVDV calves to develop one of the two mucosal disease forms (acute or chronic)?

Answer 57

Superinfection with a homologous BVDV strain, or Mutation of ncp to cp (cytopathic) BVDV variant, or Vaccination with MLV BLDV homologous to the ncp strain.