Virology 1&2

Question 1

Viruses can be called …

Answer 1

Particles

Question 2

Viruses are usually …

Answer 2

Host specific
BUT
can cross species barriers

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE
Viruses are overt but not silent

Answer 3

FALSE
viruses can be overt or silent

Question 4

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) invades …

Answer 4

B lymphocytes

(starting in the lungs and parotid glands and proceeds to the liver, spleen and peripheral lymph nodes)

Question 5

EBV is already primarily via …

Answer 5

Body fluids (especially saliva)

Question 6

EBV is a causative agent of

Answer 6

Infectious mononucleosis

but can also infect viral meningitis, encephalitis, optic neuritis, lymphocytosis, neutropenia, pneumonia, myocarditis, Burkitts’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE
different outcomes in different populations can appear differently

Answer 7

TRUE
(Consider genetics, environment, immunocompromised, different countries ie Africa vs America)

Question 8

The Virus Genome contains a single molecule of …

Answer 8

DNA or RNA but never both

Question 9

Virus nucleic acid may be …

Answer 9

Single stranded (ss), double stranded (drs) or partially double stranded (ds)

Question 10

Baltimore System

Answer 10

A classification system based on a virus nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) replication that places viruses into 7 groups

Question 11

7 groups of Baltimore System are

Answer 11

1. dsDNA viruses
2. ssDNA viruses
3. dsRNA viruses
4. (+) ssRNA viruses (primary icosahedral)
5. (-) ssRNA viruses (primary helical)
6. ssRNA-RT viruses
7. ssDNA-RT viruses

Question 12

Virus structure contains:

Answer 12

• capsid (coat protein)
• lipid envelope
• spikes or peplomers

Question 13

Viruses morphological groups

Answer 13

• helical
• isometric/icosahedral (largely spherical)

Question 14

Helical viruses

Answer 14

• rod shaped
• are thermostable (can survive 50C for 30mins)

Question 15

Spherical virus

Answer 15

• generally icosahedral
• Often characterised by the specific number of cap some red of each triangle

Question 16

Linnaeus model

Answer 16

Virus classification (family>genus>species)

Question 17

Family names end in

Answer 17

Viridae

Question 18

Sun family names end in

Answer 18

Virinae

Question 19

Genera and species are both

Answer 19

Virus

Question 20

6 steps in replication are

Answer 20

1. Adsorption
2. Penetration
3. Uncoating
4. Replication
5. Maturation
6. Release

Question 21

Adsorption is

Answer 21

A form of attachment to a single cell

Question 22

Penetration is

Answer 22

Creating a pathway through the host cells membrane for the virus chromosome enter

Question 23

Non enveloped viruses may enter/penetrate a cell by a process similar to

Answer 23

Phagocytosis

Question 24

Uncoating is the process of

Answer 24

Exposing the genetic material of the virus

Question 25

TRUE OR FALSE the capsid is never left outside of the cell

Answer 25

FALSE for some viruses like bacteriophages the capsize is located outside of the membrane

Question 26

Can a virus capsid be endocytosed?

Answer 26

Yes. This process releases genetic material

Question 27

TRUE OR FALSE Genome replication only occurs immediately but never delayed

Answer 27

FALSE some viruses can be delayed (or dormant) for a long period of time

Question 28

What is endocytosis?

Answer 28

Process in which cells take in substances from outside of the cell by engulfing them into a vesicle

Question 29

Viruses can be visualised by:

Answer 29

Electron Microscopy Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT) Isolation Serology PCR Probes

Question 30

Western Blot is to used

Answer 30

To detect HIV protiens (using PCR to see protein sizes)

Question 31

Hepatitis is defined as

Answer 31

Inflammation of the liver

Question 32

TRUE OR FALSE Hepatitis is a single disease

Answer 32

FALSE Hepatitis is NOT a single disease

Question 33

What are the most common viral causes of Hepatitis?

Answer 33

Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis A

Question 34

HCV

Answer 34

Hepatitis C

Question 35

HAV

Answer 35

Hepatitis A

Question 36

HBV

Answer 36

Hepatitis B

Question 37

Hepadnaviridae

Answer 37

Smallest genomes of all known viruses