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Bds4 Oral Med > Virology > Flashcards

Virology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of a virus

A

Simple composition
No Intra cellular organelles

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2
Q

What is the structure of an enveloped virus?

A

Phospholipid envelope with spike proteins
Protein capsid and nucleic acid genome

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3
Q

What is an example of a DNA virus

A

Human herpes group

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4
Q

What is an example of RNA virus

A

Mumps virus

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5
Q

What are the principles of lab diagnosis

A

Provisional diagnosis
Confirmation of diagnosis after tests

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6
Q

How is a viral swab taken?

A

Using a flocked swab, place in molecular sample solution (MSS). After immersion, remove swab.

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7
Q

How is a blood sample obtained?

A

Using EDTA (purple top)
Use for serology and molecular detection of viral DNA/ RNA

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8
Q

Example of a pathogen present in erythematous/ maculopapular lesions?

A

Enterovirus

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9
Q

Example of pathogen present in vesicular lesions?

A

HSV1

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10
Q

Example of pathogens in ulcers?

A

HSV, enterovirus

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11
Q

What is responsible for primary antibody response?

A

IgM

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12
Q

What are the 5 main human herpes viruses?

A

Herpes simplex
Varicella
Zoster
Epstein Barr
HHV-8

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13
Q

What are the clinical features for Herpes simplex 1 and 2

A

Gingivo stomatitis
Bell’s palsy

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14
Q

What is the pathology of herpes simplex 1 and 2

A

Primary infection
Latency
Reactivation
Cold sores

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15
Q

What is the lab diagnosis for herpes simplex virus 1 and 2

A

Most can be made based on history and clinical appearance
Vesicle/ ulcer fluid- swab and molecular sample media for PCR

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16
Q

What is the clinical presentation of varicella?

A

Chicken pox
Can lead to secondary bacterial infections - pneumonia/ problems during pregnancy

17
Q

What is the clinical presentation of zoster?

A

Shingles
Vesicles appear in dermatome representing cranial or spinal ganglia where the virus has been dormant
May be intensely painful/ parasthesia

18
Q

What is the pathology of varicella

A

Primary infection- chicken pox
Latency in sensory ganglia
Recurrent infection- reactivation from sensory ganglia leading to shingles (when pt is immunosuppressed)

19
Q

In which case is serum lab tests used for varicella- zoster?

A

Used for diagnosis of zoster for chicken pox exposure in HCWs

20
Q

What is the prevention for shingles?

A

Zoster vaccine for over 70 yrs

21
Q

What microorganism is responsible for hand for and mouth disease? And what are the clinical presentations?

A

Enterovirus infection
Symptoms = fever, runny nose, sneezing, cough
Skin rash, mouth blisters, body and muscles ache

22
Q

What is the prevention and management of hand foot and mouth disease?

A

No medical treatment
Relief of symptoms and prevent dehydration

23
Q

What is measles?

A

RNA virus, spread by direct contact with saliva/ aerosol
Highly infectious
Kopliks spots- white spots occur in oral epithelium (looks like salt grains)

24
Q

What is the lab diagnosis for measles?

A

Oral swab for RNA detection

25
Q

What is papilloma virus?

A

HPV 16 risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

26
Q

What is monkey pox?

A

Enveloped DNA virus
Transmitted through close contact with person/ animal
Self limited disease
Rash developing into blisters on skin/ face/ genitals

27
Q

What is the lab diagnosis for monkey pox?

A

PCR for viral DNA from swabs

28
Q

What is aciclovir?

A

Anti viral drug
Used to treat Intra oral and peri oral viral infections - herpes simplex (esp reactivation- cold sores) and zoster (shingles)

29
Q

What type of drug is aciclovir?

A

An acyclic purine nucleoside

30
Q

What is the action of acyclovir?

A

Tricks replicating herpes virus into incorporating defective molecule into growing DNA chain, inhibiting DNA polymerisation (synthesis)

31
Q

In which type of cells is acyclovir active in?

A

Infected cells

32
Q

Why is acyclovir not effective against viruses in latency period?

A

Acyclovir targets active replication (which these viruses are not doing)

Bds4 Oral Med (13 decks)

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