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First Aid Micro > Virology > Flashcards

Virology Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

Exchange of genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology

A

Recombination

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2
Q

Viruses with segmented genomes (influenza) exchange segments. High-frequency recombination. Reason for worldwide influenza pandemics

A

Reassortment

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3
Q

When 1 of 2 viruses that infect the cell has a mutation that results in a nonfunctional protein. The nonmutated virus “complements” the mutated one by making a functional protein that serves both viruses.

A

Complementation

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4
Q

Simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses. Genome of virus A surrounded with surface protein of virus B.

A

Phenotypic mixing

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5
Q

What type of vaccines induce humoral and CMI

A

Live attenuated vaccines

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6
Q

Live attenuated vaccines

A

smallpox, yellow fever, VZV, Sabin polio, MMR, intranasal influenza

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7
Q

What vaccines induce ONLY humoral activity?

A

Killed/Inactivated vaccines: Rabies, injected influenza, Salk Polio, and HAV

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8
Q

Recombinant Vaccines

A

HBV, HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18

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9
Q

All DNA viruses (except Parvo) are:

A

dsDNA, Parvo is ssDNA

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10
Q

Circular DNA viruses

A

Papilloma-, Polyoma-, and Hepadnavireses

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11
Q

dsRNA virus

A

Reovirus

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12
Q

+RNA viruses

A

Retrovirus, togavirus, flavivirus, coronavirus, hepevirus, calicivirus, picornavirus

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13
Q

DNA virus replication site

A

in nucleus, except poxvirus (cytoplasm)

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14
Q

RNA virus replication site

A

in cytoplasm, except influenza and retroviruses

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15
Q

Naked viruses

A

DNA - Papillomavirus, Adenovirus, Parvovirus, Polyomavirus (PAPP)
RNA - Calicivirus, Picornavirus, Reovirus, and Hepevirus

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16
Q

temporal lobe encephalitis

A

HSV-1 (DNA virus)

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17
Q

HHV-3

A

chickenpox and zoster (DNA virus)

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18
Q

EBV (HHV-4)

A

mononucleosis, Burkitt Lymphoma, HL

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19
Q

HHV-5

A

CMV, seen espcially in transplant recipients

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20
Q

roseola (exanthem subitum)

A

HHV-6

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21
Q

HHV-8

A

Kaposi sarcoma

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22
Q

Partially dsDNA and circular

A

Hepadnavirus

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23
Q

Causes febrile pharyngitis (sore throat) and conjunctivitis

dsDNA and Linear

A

Adenovirus

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24
Q

Virus that leads to hydrops fetalis

A

Parvovirus B19

smallest DNA virus ssDNA and linear

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25
Causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV patients
JC virus from polyomavirus (dsDNA and circular)
26
Bad Kidney Transplant
BK virus from polyomavirus (dsDNA and circular)
27
virus associated with molluscum contagiosum
poxvirus (dsDNA linear)
28
lesions with central umbilicated dimple
molluscum contagiosum
29
Post-herpetic Neuralgia
VZV
30
(+) monospot test heterophile antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep or horse RBC
EBV (herpesvirus)
31
(-) monospot Mononucleosis
CMV (herpesvirus)
32
owl's eye inclusion
CMV (herpesvirus)
33
High fevers for several days that can cause seizures, followed by a diffuse macular rash
HHV-6, Roseola
34
Dark/violaceous flat and nodular skin lesions
HHV-8, Kaposi Sarcoma
35
Tzanck Smear
Herpes
36
Intranuclear Cowdry A inclusions
Herpes (HSV-2)
37
#1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
Rotavirus, dsRNA (linear)
38
Aseptic meningitis that is from Picornaviridae family
Echovirus
39
"common cold"
Rhinovirus, (Picornaviridae)
40
aseptic meningitis, herpangina (mouth blisters, fever); hand, foot and mouth disease; myocarditis and pericarditis
Coxsackievirus (Picornaviridae)
41
HCV, yellow fever, Dengue, St. Louis Encephalitis, West Nile
Flaviviridae (ssRNA)
42
Virus associated with Rubella
Togavirus (ssRNA +)
43
complex and conical capsid ssRNA
HIV
44
"common cold" and SARS
coronavirus
45
8 segments in RNA
orthomyxovirus for influenza
46
Causes bronchiolitis in babies
RSV (paramyxovirus)
47
Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever
Filovirus (ssRNA, negative)
48
2 segments, circular ssRNA
Arenaviruses
49
lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Arenavirus
50
negative circular, 3 segmented RNA virus
Bunyavirus like Hantavirus
51
Delta Virus
circular DNA virus, requires HBV co-infection
52
Negative-stranded viruses
must bring its own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase | Arenavirus, Bunyavirus, Paramyxovirus, Orthomyxovirus, Filovirus, Rhabdovirus
53
Segmented viruses
All RNA Viruses | Bunyavirus, Orthomyxovirus (influenza), Arenavirus, and Reovirus
54
Viruses associated with Picornavirus
Poliovirus, Echovirus, Rhinovirus, Coxsackievirus, HAV
55
common cold virus that degrades with stomach acid
rhinovirus
56
high fever, black vomit, jaundice
Yellow Fever
57
Villous destruction with atrophy leads to decreased absorption of Na and loss of K. infantile gastroenteritis acute diarrhea
Rotavirus
58
promotes viral entry (influenza)
hemagglutinin
59
promotes progeny virion release (influenza)
neuraminidase
60
structure of influenza virius
enveloped (-) ssRNA with 8 segmented genome
61
Genetic Shift
Cause pandemics. reassortment of viral genoma, human flu A recombines with swine flu A
62
Genetic Drift
Causes epidemics. Changes based on random mutation.
63
blueberry muffin baby
congenital rubella virus
64
croup, seal-like barking cough
parainfluenza - a paramyxovirus
65
F (fusion) protein
``` the paramyxoviruses (parainfluenza, measles, mumps, RSV) the F protein cause respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells ```
66
Drug to prevent pneumonia caused by RSV in premature infants
Palivizumab - monoclonal Ab against F protein
67
Complication of measles
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
68
Parotitis, Orchitis, Aseptic Meningitis
Mumps
69
Negri bodies
Scabies
70
Progression of Rabies Disease
fever & malaise > agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia > paralysis, coma > death
71
HAV virus and transmission
RNA, picornavirus - fecal oral
72
HBV virus and transmission
DNA hepadnavirus - parenteral, sexual, maternal-fetal
73
HCV virus and transmission
RNA flavivirus - blood
74
HDV virus and transmission
RNA deltavirus - parenteral, sexual, materal-fetal superinfection (HDV after HBV) short co-infection (HDV with HBV) long
75
HEV virus and transmission
RNA hepevirus, fecal oral
76
Which of the Hepatitis infections cause high mortality in Pregnant women?
HEV
77
gp120
attachment protein from HIV to host CD4+ T cells
78
gag (p24)
capsid protein for HIV
79
homozygous CCR5 mutation
immunity to HIV
80
co-receptors on CD4 T-cells that HIV binds to
early - CCR5 | late - CXCR4
81
gp41
fusion and entry of HIV
82
CD4 count in AIDS
<200cells/mm^3
83
HIV gene for reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase
pol
84
oval yeast cells within macrophages when CD4+ are <100cells/mm^3
Histoplasma capsulatum
85
acid-fast cysts seen in stool especially when CD4+ <200cells/mm^3
Cryptosporidium spp
86
Abscesses, ring-enhancing lesions - What is the CD4 cell count and Disease?
Toxoplasma gondii, <100cells/mm^3
87
Meningitis when CD4 is <50cells/mm^3
Cryptococcus neoformans
88
Cotton-wool spots on fundoscopic exam. Cause and CD4 count?
CMV and <50cells/mm^3
89
Cell count with pneumocystis jerovecii
CD4 <200cells/mm^3
90
Mycobacterium avium complex CD4+ count
<50
91
Disease where normal alpha helix proteins switch to beta-pleated amd resist protease degradation
Prion Disease

First Aid Micro (7 decks)

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