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Microbiology > Virology > Flashcards

Virology Flashcards

1
Q

What vaccine can you give HIV patients who don’t show signs of immunodeficiency

A

Live, attenuated MMR vaccine

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2
Q

What are the killed vaccines?

A

Rabies, influenza (injected), salk polio (salK=Killed), HAV vaccines

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3
Q

What is the only single stranded DNA virus?

A

Parvovirus (part of a virus=ssDNA)

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4
Q

Three circular DNA viruses?

A

papilloma- polyoma- hepadnaviruses

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5
Q

What is the only double stranded RNA virus?

A

Reoviridae

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6
Q

Mneumonic for positive strand RNA viruses

A 
went to a RETRO TOGA party where I drank FLAVored CORONA and ate HEPE CALIfornia PICkles
Retrovirus
Togavirus
Flavivirus
Coronavirus
Hepevirus
Calivirus
Picornovirus
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7
Q

RNA viruses replicate where?

A

Cytoplasm (except influenza virus and retroviruses)

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8
Q

DNA viruses replicate where?

A

Nucleus (except poxvirus)

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9
Q

Naked viruses (DNA-4, RNA-4)

A

Adenovirus, parvovirus, papillomavirus, polyomavirus, picornovirus, reovirus, calicivirus, hepevirus

AD’s caught the PARVy PAPs hiding behind the POLe PICing at the NAKED REOl CALIfornia HEPpies

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10
Q

DNA viruses

A

HHAPPPPy

herpes, hepadna, adeno, pox, parvo, papilloma, polyoma

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11
Q

Unique exceptions about Pox virus

A

Helical, replicates in the cytoplasm

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12
Q

HSV-1

A

oral lesions, spontaneous temporal lobe encephalitis, keratoconjuntivitis

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13
Q

HSV-2

A

Gential lesions

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14
Q

VZV (HHV-3)

A

Chickenpox, zoster

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15
Q

EBV (HHV-4)

A

Burkitt Lymphoma, Mono, Hodgkin lymphoma, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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16
Q

CMV (HHV-5)

A

Seen in immunosupressed patients-transplant recipients, AIDS patients

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17
Q

HHV-6

A

Roseola

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18
Q

HHV-7

A

less common cause of roseola

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19
Q

HHV-8

A

Kaposi sarcoma

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20
Q

HSV identification?

A

Viral culture for skin/genitalia
CSF PCR for herpes encephalitis
Tzanck test: smear of an open vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells in HSV1 HSV2 and VZV (HHV-3)
Tzanck heavens I don’t have herpes!

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21
Q

1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children?

A

Rotavirus (Reovirus family)

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22
Q

Paramyxoviruses have what surface antigen?

A

Fusion proteins (F proteins)

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23
Q

Recombination definition

A

Exchange of genes between 2 Cr by crossing over

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24
Q

Reassortment definition

A

Viruses with segmented genomes (influ) exchange genetic material

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25
Q

Complementation

A

1 virus with a mutated nonfunctional protein infects a cell that has a virus in it that can that has a another virus that has a functional protein that both viruses can use
Ex. HDV uses HBV’s envelope

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26
Q

Phenotypic mixing

A

Two viruses infection one cell. Virus A is coated with virus B. Virus A then has the infectivity (tropism) of virus B. Virus A’s progeny will not have virus B coat

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27
Q

What virus acquires is envelope from the nuclear membrane?

A

Herpesvirus

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28
Q

Hepadanavirus causes what disease?

A

HBV

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29
Q

Hepadnavirus has what DNA structure?

A

Partially DS and circular

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30
Q

Adenovirus DNA structure

A

DNA: DS and linear

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31
Q

Adenovirus causes what symptoms

A 
Febrile pharyngitis-sore throat
Acute hemorrhagic cystitis
Pneumonia
Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
Adable here and there-->straight down the midline
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32
Q

Parvovirus DNA structure

A

SS and linear (smallest DNA virus)

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33
Q

Parvovirus causes what disease

A

Aplastic crises in sicke lcell disease
Slapped cheeks rash in children (fifth disease)
RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death
RBC destruction in adults leads to pure RBC aplasia and RA-like symptoms

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34
Q

Papillomavirus DNA structure

A

DS and circular

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35
Q

Papillomavirus causes what disease?

A

HPV-
Warts: HPV 1,2,6,11
CIN/cervical cancer: 16,18 (31,33)

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36
Q

Polyomavirus DNA structure

A

DS and circular

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37
Q

Polyomavirus causes what disease?

A

JC virus: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
BK virus: transplant patients, commonly targets kidney
JC=”Junky cerebrum”
BK: “bad kidney”

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38
Q

Poxvirus DNA structure

A

DS and linear (largest DNA virus)

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39
Q

Poxvirus causes what disease?

A

Smallpox–>erradicated by use of live attenuated vaccine

Molluscum contagiosum: flesh colored papule with central umbilication

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40
Q

How can sporadic encephalitis (due to HSV1) present?

A

Altered mental status, seizures, and/or aphasia

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41
Q

Reovirus RNA structure

A

DS linear 10-12 segments

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42
Q

Reovirus causes what disease?

A

Coltivirus-colorado rick fever

Rotavirus-#1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children!!

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43
Q

Picornaviruses RNA structure

A

SS + linear

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44
Q

Picornaviruses causes what disease?

A 
Poliovirus
Echovirus
Rhinovirus
Coxsackie virus
HAV
PERCH
The little PICO birdie PERCHed on the tree
45
Q

Hepevirus RNA structure

A

SS + linear

46
Q

Hepevirus causes what disease?

A

HEV

47
Q

Calicivirus RNA structure

A

SS + linear

48
Q

Calicivirus causes what disease?

A

Norovirus: viral gastroenteritis

49
Q

Flavivirus RNA structure

A

SS + linear

50
Q

Flavivirus causes what disease?

A 
HCV
Yellow fever*
Dengue*
St Louis encephalitis*
West Nile virus*
*Mosquitos, tick borne
51
Q

Togavirus RNA structure

A

SS + linear

52
Q

Togavirus causes what disease?

A

Rubella
Eastern/Western equine encephalitis*
The Rubel rides the horse in a TOGA
*Mosquitos, tick borne

53
Q

Retrovirus RNA structure

A

SS + linear

54
Q

Retrovirus causes what disease?

A

HTLV-T cell leukemia

HIV-AIDS

55
Q

Coronavirus RNA structure

A

SS + linear

56
Q

Coronavirus causes what disease?

A

common cold and SARS

57
Q

Orthomyxoviruses RNA structure

A

SS - linear

58
Q

Orthomyxoviruses causes what disease?

A

Influenza

59
Q

Paramyxoviruses RNA structure

A

SS - linear

60
Q

Paramyxoviruses causes what disease?

A 
Parainfluenza-croup
RSV-bronchiolitis in babies (Rx: ribavirin)
Measles
Mumps
PaRaMyxovirus
61
Q

Rhabdoviruses RNA structure

A

SS - linear

62
Q

Rhabdoviruses causes what disease?

A

Rabies

63
Q

Filovirus RNA structure

A

SS - linear

64
Q

Filovirus causes what disease?

A

Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever-often fatal! (filo=fatal)

65
Q

What are the non-enveloped RNA virus families?

A

Reovirus, picornavirus, hepevirus, Calicivirus

We drove to REO and PICked up the HEPpy CALIs who lost their ENVELOPES of money

66
Q

Arenavirus RNA structure

A

SS - circular, 2 segments

67
Q

Arenavirus causes what disease?

A

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

Lassa fever encephalitis-spread by rodents

68
Q

Bunyavirus RNA structure

A

SS - circular, 3 segments

69
Q

Bunyavirus causes what disease?

A

California encephalitis
Sandfly
Hantavirus: hemorrhagic fever, pneumonia

70
Q

Delta virus RNA structure

A

SS - circular

71
Q

Delta virus causes what disease?

A

HDV, only effective with HBV present

72
Q

Segmented viruses

A

All RNA
BOAR:
Bunyavirus, orthomyxovirus, arenavirus, reovirus

73
Q

Which is the only picornavirus that isn’t spread entero?

A

Rhinovirus (no fecal oral spread)

74
Q

What family is yellow fever in?

A

RNA Flavivirus

75
Q

What are the symptoms of yellow fever?

A

High fever, black vomitus, jaundice

76
Q

Yellow fever on histology

A

Eosinophilic apoptotic globules on liver biopsy

77
Q

Rotavirus is part of which viral family?

A

RNA reovirus

78
Q

Rotavirus presentation

A

Most common global cause of infantile gastroenteritis

79
Q

Rotavirus mechanism

A

Villous destruction with atrophy leads to decreased absorption of Na and loss of K

80
Q

What are the components and their functions of the influenza virus?

A

Hemagglutinin: promotes viral entry
Neuraminidase: promotes progeny viral release

81
Q

Genetic drift causes

A

Epidemics

82
Q

Genetic shift causes

A

Pandemics

83
Q

Rubella virus is part of which viral family?

A

Togavirus

84
Q

Rubella virus presentation

A

Fever, postauricular lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, fine rash
Children: MILD
Congenital: SEVERE (blueberry muffin appearance)

85
Q

What is the function of the F protein and what virus has it on its surface

A

F protein is a fusion protein that causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells on all Paramyxoviruses

86
Q

What do you treat RSV in babies with?

A

Causes bronchiolitis, treat with Ribavirin

87
Q

Croup is what virus and from what virus family?

A

Parainfluenza, Paramyxovirus

88
Q

What are the symptoms of croup?

A

Seal-like bark
Inspiratory stridor
Narrowing of uppre trachea and subglottis=steeple sign on Xray
Severe croup can lead to pulsus paradoxus

89
Q

Complications of measles symptoms and what demographic

A

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis years later or encephalitis in immigrant/nonvaccinated patients

90
Q

What do you give to help reduce measles mortality?

A

Vitamin A

91
Q

Symptoms of mumps

A

Parotitis, orchitis, aseptic meningitis
Can cause sterility (esp after puberty)
MUMps makes you dance in POM

92
Q

Rabies on histology

A

Bullet shaped

Negri bodies commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum and in hippocampal neurons

93
Q

Progression of rabies

A

fever, malaise–>agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia, hypersalivation–>paralysis, coma–>death

94
Q

Ebola virus is from what virus family?

A

Filovirus

95
Q

Ebola mechanism

A

Targets endothelial cells, phagocytes, hepatocytes

96
Q

Ebola symptoms

A

Abrupt onset of flu like symptoms, diarrhea/vomiting, high fever, myalgia–>can progress to DIC, diffuse hemorrhage, shock

97
Q

gp120

A

HIV attachment to the host CD4 T cell

98
Q

gp41

A

HIV fusion to the host CD4 T cell

99
Q

env is made up of

A

gp 120 and gp41

100
Q

gag

A

p24 (capsid protein)

101
Q

pol

A

reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase

102
Q

HIV virus binds what to get into the host cell

A

CCR5 on macrophages (early infection)

CXCR4 on T cells (late infection

103
Q

HIV ELISA test purpose

A

Screening

104
Q

HIV Western blot test purpose

A

Confirms

105
Q

AIDs diagnosis criteria

A

less than 200 CD4 cells or
HIV with AIDS defining condition or
CD4 percentage less than 14%

106
Q

Caveat of ELISA and western blot

A

Babies born to infect mothers are often falsely positive

Patients are falsely negative in the first 1-2 months of infection

107
Q

HIV: disease that show up with less than 500 cells

A 
Candida albicans
EBV
Bartonella henselae
HHV-8
Cryptosporidium
HPV
108
Q

HIV: diseases that show up with less than 200 cells

A

Toxoplasma gondii
HIV
JC Virus
P. jirovecii

109
Q

HIV: diseases that show up with less than 100 cells

A 
Aspergillus fumigatus
Cryptococcus neoformans
Candida albicans
CMV
EBV
Histoplasma capsulatum
Mycobacterium avium-intracellular
Mycobacterium complex

Microbiology (5 decks)

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