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POD: Exam 3 > Virology > Flashcards

Virology Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Gingivostomatitis

A

Vesicular lesions found all around the oral cavity caused by HSV-1

*Also assoc. w/ keratitis and eczema herpeticum

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2
Q

HSV-2

A

Causes painful lymphadenopathy along w/ vesicles in the genital region

  • Remains latent in the sacral ganglia
  • Common cause of aseptic meningitis
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3
Q

HSV-1

A

After primary transmission via oral secretions, lies dormant in the trigeminal ganglion

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4
Q

Prevention of neonatal HSV-2

A

Perform C-section to avoid contact

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5
Q

Neuropathies assoc. w/ HSV

A

Bell’s Palsy (Drooping face, drooling, some loss of tastes, Hyperacusis)

Trigeminal neuralgia

Temporal lobe epilepsy

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6
Q

Tzanck Smear

A

Method used to diagnose herpes by scraping a lesion and examining the cells for nuclear inclusions

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7
Q

Why do recurrent infxns occur w/ HSV?

A

Virus lies latent in the nervous system sequestered away from immune system

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8
Q

Potential complications of VZV

A

Encephalitis (children), hemorrhagic varicella, calcified nodules on x-ray

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9
Q

REYES Syndrome

A

Can occur in children w/ VZV if given aspirin

=»Hepatic failure and encephalopathy

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10
Q

Primary Varicella Infection

A

Acquired thru respiratory transmission =»vesicular, non-umbilicated lesions that are NOT contagious

-2 week incubation period assoc. w/ fever

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11
Q

Herpes Zoster Virus (Shingles)

A

Reactivated VZV in IC/old patients; will see rash affecting one dermatome on the patient

*Resides in the DRG of the affected dermatome; usually thoracic

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12
Q

Zoster Immune Globulin

A

Passive, pre-pooled IG given to immunosuppressed pts. w/ a known exposure to VZV

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13
Q

VARIVAX

A

Single antigen vaccine; live-attenuated

*MMRV also available

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14
Q

Zostavax

A

Given to unimmunized pts. >60 years =» decreased likelihood of VZV infxn

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15
Q

Treatment options for VZV

A

Acyclovir/Valacyclovir

Adenine arabinoside (IC pts.)

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16
Q

General picornaviridae characteristics

A

ssRNA (+), naked

Capsid includes 4 proteins: VP1-VP4
-Acid-stabile => Enterovirus Acid-labile =» Rhinovirus

  • Enteroviruses (Coxsackie) capable of causing paralytic polio and meningitis
  • Class also includes HAV
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17
Q

Picornaviradae Infection

A

Attachment: Penetrates via viropexis after attaching to PVR (CD 155) and losing VP4

Uncoating: Occurs in cytoplasm after VP1-VP3 are removed

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18
Q

IRES

A

Internal Ribosomal Entry Site

Facilitates the translation of picornaviradae and found near the VPg area

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19
Q

P123

A

Initial polyprotein formed by picornaviradae

-Is cleaved into three parts

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20
Q

Picornaviridae translation

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A

RNA W/O VPg forms VP0, VP3, and VP1

=»VP0 is cleaved into VP2 and VP4 which all combine to form the nucleocapsid that harbors the replicated mRNA (+) molecule w/ a VPg cap

21
Q

Picornaviridae replication

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A

Begins w/ an mRNA molecule w/ a VPg cap and utilizes VP3D (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and Hf) to form…

=»Replicative intermediates; (-) mRNA used to form the (+)mRNA virus

22
Q

Negative Selection of thymocytes

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A
  • Mediated by DC, macrophage, and thymic medullary epithelial cells in the corticomedullary jnxn
  • Mostly occurs in the double-positive stage
23
Q

Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome (APS)

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A

Mutation in the AIRE gene =» leakage in negative selection leading to leakage of self-reactive thymocytes

-Primarily damages parathyroid, pancreatic islets, and adrenal glands

24
Q

B-cell tolerance

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A
  1. High reactivity w/ self-Ag =» expression of Rag1 and Rag 2 causing the rearrangement of the k-light chains of the BCR
  2. Clonal deletion
    * Tolerance to low-affinity self-Ags occurs thru anergy
25
General properties of Herpetoviridae
Double-stranded, icosahedral, enveloped, and linear * Can be seen in cells during the first 7 days, after, the HSV DNA is only present in cells * Antibodies from subunit (split) vaccination are protective in nature and cell-mediated immunity is most important in recovery
26
General Orthomyxoviridae characteristics
ss(-)RNA, has either 8 segments (Influenza A, B) or 6 segments (C) - Helical nucleocapsid contains NP, PB1, PB2, and PA - Envelope contains H and NA * RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is PB1, PB2, and PA; all part of the nucleocapsid
27
Orthomyxoviridae Penetration
Attachment: Attaches to sialic acid via hemagluttinin and fuses its envelope w/ the cell membrane =>>Taken into vacuole where acidic environment removes the nucleocapsid *Travels to the nucleus where transcription and replication occurs (only RNA virus to do this)
28
Influenza Protein Translation
Viral mRNAs produced in the nucleus are shorter than their (-)RNA templates and include a poly-A tail and a donated cellular cap
29
Influenza Proteins synthesized in the rough ER
H and NA; these proteins are then transported to the cell membrane where the virus picks them up when it buds out of the cell *H protein must be proteolytically cleaved by NA to produce an infectious particle; NA also used to lower viscosity of extracellular mucous
30
Influenza antigen that is the major antigenic variation and responsible for shift
H-antigen
31
Viral Designations
Type of Influenza/Location of isolation/Date isolated Example: A/Victoria/3/75
32
Oncornovirinae
Tumorigenic retrovirus
33
Lentivirinae
Slow retrovirus related to AIDS
34
Spumavirinae
Cause of Human Foamy Virus; progressive neurodegenerative disease
35
General characteristics of retroviridae
ss(+)RNA; DIPLOID (contains 2 35s mRNAs); helical nucleocapsid and a icosahedral or cylindrical outercapsid -Contains Reverse Transcriptase, DNA polymerase, RNAse, H, and integrase
36
Retroviridae RNA Genome
GAG-Pol-Env-ONC - Chronic leukemias lack ONC - Acute leukemia/sarcoma lacks Env
37
Retrovirinae replication
RT forms a (-)ssDNA and DNA polymerase forms a (+)ssDNA provirus that is transported to the nucleus =>>Integrated into the host DNA via integrase *RT is very error prone leading to a large number of mutations; makes HIV-1 hard to cure
38
LTR
Long-tandem Repeats; regulatory regions on the ends of retroviridae proviruses
39
Polyprotein mRNAs yielded from retroviridae transcription
1. 35s mRNA: GAG-Pol polyprotein 2. 28s mRNA: Env polyprotein 3. 21s mRNA: ONC protein in acute leukemia/sarcoma virus * PRO gene encodes protease which cuts these polyproteins
40
Chronic Leukemia Virus characteristics
1. Produce no transformation in vitro 2. Contains no SRC/oncogene 3. Produces leukemia by activating protooncogene in vivo 4. Contains Env
41
Acute Leukemia/Sarcoma characteristics
1. Transforms cells AND produces virus in vitro 2. SRC/Oncogene present 3. Produces sarcomas in vivo 4. Defective for Env gene 5. Requires helper virus for replication (chronic leukemia virus provides materials for envelope)
42
Modes of protooncogene activation
1. Chemical carcinogens =>> Mutation in TSGs 2. Insertion of a leukemia provirus near a protooncogene 3. Translocation of protooncogenes 4. Introduction of oncogene via acute leukemia/sarcoma virus
43
Vinculin
Molecule that binds actin to the cytoplasmic membrane BUT when phosphorylated by a mutated process leads to disorganized cell growth
44
E7 of HPV-16
Binds to RB producing unregulated cell growth
45
Immunity important in recovery from HSV
Cellular
46
Protein 3D
Formed from protein product P3 in Picornaviridae and consists of RNA dependent-RNA polymerase and Hf
47
B27 HLA Alelle
Strongest association w/ AI disease =>>Ankylosing spondylitis
48
What encodes the Integrase gene in Retrovirinae?
Pol gene
49
What does GAG code for in Retrovirinae?
4 internal capsid proteins

POD: Exam 3 (2 decks)

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