Virology

Question 1

obligate intracellular pathogens are known as

Answer 1

viruses

Question 2

when is a common cold contagious?

Answer 2

first 2-3 days of displaying symptoms

Question 3

what is the initial classifications of viruses based on?

Answer 3

nucleic acid composition.

-RNA Vs. DNA

Question 4

T or F most viruses are known by the classification given by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.

Answer 4

F

-most are known by common names

Question 5

T or F

some species viruses are not linked to an order or family

Answer 5

T

Question 6

T or F

All species of viruses are linked to an order or family

Answer 6

F

Question 7

term meaning: having a limited number of hosts that viruses can infect and survive in is ?

Answer 7

Tropism

Question 8

refers to a major change within the genetic structure of a virus?

Answer 8

Antigenic shift

Question 9

refers to the minor changes in genetic structur that occur during replication and therefor can occur all the time

Answer 9

Antigenic drift

Question 10

antigenic___ is responsible for the need for seasonal influenza vaccine.

Answer 10

Drift

Question 11

Can viruses self replicate?

what is a virus particle called?

Answer 11

• no

- Virion

Question 12

The protein coat enclosing genetic material is called the___

Answer 12

Genome

Question 13

Genome and the Capsid make up the ___

Answer 13

Nucleocapsid

Question 14

repeating structural subunits that actually make up the protein capsid of the virus.

Answer 14

Capsomeres

Question 15

T or F
Viruses with envelopes are prone to drying.

There for they are ___in the environment?

Answer 15

T

-DO NOT do well in the environment.

Question 16

T or F

Glycoprotein spikes on surfaces of viruses can vary year to year

Answer 16

T

Question 17

what mode of infection is the most common route for viral infection?

Answer 17

Inhalation

Question 18

viral recognition to limited number of host cells – infect only certain tissues.

Answer 18

Tropism

Question 19

during this process the virus relases viral genome into the host cell

Answer 19

uncoating

Question 20

Type or proteins that are nonstructural, usually enzymes - allows rapid identification using immunologic techniques (fluorescence).

Answer 20

Early proteins

Question 21

type of proteins that are structural

Answer 21

late proteins

Question 22

Influenzae virus can be detected in cell culture using _____

Answer 22

hemadsoption

Question 23

how do we detect viruses in the lab?

Answer 23

fluorescent microscopy, enzyme immunoassays and PCR

Question 24

Review table 65-1 pg. 792

Answer 24

ok

Question 25

What are the viral specimen source sites?

Answer 25

pretty much everything

Question 26

for Throat, Nasopharyngeal swabs or nasopharyngeal aspirates, ___swabs are not acceptable. why?

Answer 26

calcium alginate swabs | -because they interfere with PCR and fluorescent antibody tests

Question 27

T or F Viral specimens should be processed immediately upon receipt in the lab if a delays are greater that __hours, how should the specimen be stored?

Answer 27

T - 48 hrs - 80 degrees

Question 28

Viral cell culture tubes are inoculated with___to __microLiters of specimens

Answer 28

200-400

Question 29

What are some common cells used for viral detection?

Answer 29

Human diploid fibroblast, Human epidermoid, primary monkey kidney

Question 30

what should be included on the requisition for virus specimens? -what if the virsus poses a potential threat to healthcare workers?

Answer 30

specimen type, the virus that is suspected, and the date and time of collection. -then the requisition should indicate SARS (Sever acute respiratory syndrome)

Question 31

what is different about the Universal transport Swabs by BD that makes them safe to use for Throat, and Nasopharyngeal?

Answer 31

polyester based

Question 32

what has lead to a greater detection of viruses ?

Answer 32

- molecular detection techniques, | - PCR and DNA probes w/ fluorescent tags

Question 33

virus that is part of the TORCH complex see classic “owl eye inclusions” in lung pneumocyte.

Answer 33

CMV

Question 34

main means of viral detection until mid 1970’s

Answer 34

serology

Question 35

is MALDI-TOF useful for detecting viruses?

Answer 35

yes, some

Question 36

steps of viral replication cycle

Answer 36

- attachment - pentetration and uncoating - Macromolecule synthesis and assembly - release

Question 37

drugs that target penetration and uncoating of influenz-A ?

Answer 37

Amantadine, rimantadine

Question 38

double stranded DNA viruses that lack an envelope include:

Answer 38

- adenoviruses - Papillomavirus - HBV

Question 39

Double stranded DNA virus Associated with outbreaks of Keratoconjunctivitis what is Keratoconjunctivitis?

Answer 39

- adenovirus | - pink eye

Question 40

an example of an Adrenovirus that causes Hemorrhagic fever and shock

Answer 40

lassa fever virus

Question 41

taxonomically heterogenous group of arthropod borne viruses

Answer 41

Arbovirus

Question 42

Arboviruses are contained within several different taxonomic families:

Answer 42

Bunyaviridae, Togaviridae, Flaviviridae (includes dengue fever, West Nile virus).

Question 43

humans contract via inhalation or aerosols from rodent/bat excrement

Answer 43

Arenaviruses