Virology

Question 1

What is the genetic makeup of a retrovirus?

Answer 1

+ssRNA

Question 2

What is the genetic makeup corana and flavi viruses?

Answer 2

+ssRNA

Question 3

What is the genetic makeup of orthomixo and paramyxo viruses?

Answer 3

-ssRNA

Question 4

What is the genetic makeup of herpres, adeno, pox and hepanda viruses?

Answer 4

+DNA

Question 5

What host molecule does a herpes virus use for attachment?

Answer 5

Heparan sulfate proteoglycan

Question 6

What host molecule does an influenza virus use for attachment?

Answer 6

Sialic acid

Question 7

Why can HIV only infect activated T cells?

Answer 7

CCR5 is present only on activated T cells

Question 8

What receptor for Hepatitis B used to enter liver cells?

Answer 8

NTCP (bile receptor)

Question 9

How does polio enter cells?

Answer 9

Endocytosis (stuck in vesicle and leaves via pH changes)

Question 10

Where in the cell does polio replicate?

Answer 10

Cytoplasm

Question 11

How does polio leave cells?

Answer 11

Lysis

Question 12

How does Measles (paramyxoviridae) enter cells?

Answer 12

Membrane fusion

Question 13

How does measles leave cells?

Answer 13

Budding

Question 14

Where in the cell does measles replicate?

Answer 14

ER and Golgi

Question 15

Is polio capsulated or enveloped?

Answer 15

Capsulated

Question 16

How does herpes enter and leave cells?

Answer 16

Uncoating at membrane

Exocytosis

Question 17

Where in the cell does the first wave of herpes replication occur?

Answer 17

Nucleus

Question 18

Is polio RNA or DNA?

Answer 18

RNA

Question 19

Is herpes RNA or DNA?

Answer 19

DNA

Question 20

Is measles RNA or DNA?

Answer 20

RNA

Question 21

Is HIV RNA or DNA?

Answer 21

RNA

Question 22

Is smallpox RNA or DNA?

Answer 22

DNA

Question 23

What are the four types of outcomes of viral infections?

Answer 23

Transformation (tumour formation)
Lytic (lysis)
Persistant (exocytosis)
Latent (integration)

Question 24

Where are Toll-like receptors located?

Answer 24

Throughout and on the cell

Question 25

What signalling pathway do Toll-like receptors activate?

Answer 25

Nf-kb

Question 26

What are the 3 mechanisms of type I INF function?

Answer 26

Activate protein kinase R (PKR) Upregulate 2',5'-oligo A synthetase Upregulate MxGTPase

Question 27

What is the effect of protein kinase R (PKR)?

Answer 27

Phosphorylates elongation factor, which needs to be dephosphorylated for viral replication to occur

Question 28

What is the effect of activating oligo A synthetase?

Answer 28

Stitches together oligo A, which activates RNAase

Question 29

What is the effect of activating Mx GTPase?

Answer 29

Multimerisation and apoptosis

Question 30

How does the influenza virus evade host defences?

Answer 30

Inactivates PKR via NS1

Question 31

How do pox and herpes viruses evade host defences?

Answer 31

Target INF signalling, PKR and oligo-A synthetase