virtue ethics

Question 1

what is the quite that means you have to constantly do good actions to be considered good

Answer 1

‘One swallow does not a spring make, nor one fine day’

Question 2

what type of theory is virtue ethics?

Answer 2

character based

Question 3

who proposed virtue ethics?

Answer 3

Aristotle

Question 4

what is the main work of Aristotle?

Answer 4

Nicomachean ethics

Question 5

what word does virtue stem from and what does it mean?

Answer 5

arete-excellence

Question 6

Aristotle quote about moral excellence coming from habit

Answer 6

‘We are what we repeatedly do’

Question 7

what does Macintyre point out about virtues?

Answer 7

different virtues have been prized by different societies and at different points in history

Question 8

examples of Victorian virtues

Answer 8

temperance
modesty
obedience

Question 9

examples of virtues today

Answer 9

tolerance
individuality
generosity

Question 10

how is virtue ethics a hybrid theory?

Answer 10

character based and teleological

(teleological because it claims to aim at eudaimonia)

Question 11

what is the function argument?

Answer 11

human good is a function of the soul in accordance with virtue

Question 12

what is the hierarchy of souls?

Answer 12

plants, animals and humans have different souls

Question 13

what type if soul do plants have
+what is unique to plants

Answer 13

vegetative soul

reproduce and growth

Question 14

what type if soul do animals have
+what is unique to animals

Answer 14

sensitive soul

mobility and sensation

Question 15

what type if soul do humans have
+what is unique to humans

Answer 15

rational soul

thought and reflection

Question 16

what are the two types of virtues?

Answer 16

intellectual
moral

Question 17

what are intellectual virtues?

Answer 17

learn to be the best you can be

develop in rational part of soul

they are taught

help to work out golden mean

Question 18

what are moral virtues?

Answer 18

result of habit-repetition, practice and copying

doing greater good

learning from mistakes

Question 19

what are the 2 ways to become virtuous?

Answer 19

following a virtuous teacher

by behaving in a balanced way

Question 20

what is the doctrine of the mean also known as

Answer 20

the golden mean

Question 21

what is the golden mean?
+example

Answer 21

finding the balance between two means
helps to show us how to be virtuous

e.g between vice of excess and vice of deficiency

Question 22

examples of vice of deficiency, virtuous mean and vice of excess

Answer 22

VOD: VM: VOE:
coward courage rashness
stingy liberality wasteful
shy modesty shameless

Question 23

what do you need to apply the golden mean?

Answer 23

phronesis

Question 24

what is phronesis?

Answer 24

practical wisdom

Question 25

how is phronesis acquired?

Answer 25

as we grow up and move away from rules

Question 26

is phronesis the same for everyone?

Answer 26

no-depends on circumstance

Question 27

what are Aristotles 12 virtues?

Answer 27

courage temperance generosity magnificence high mindedness right ambition good temper truthfulness wittiness friendliness modesty just resentment

Question 28

what are the 3 types of people according to Aristotle?

Answer 28

sophron enkrates akrates

Question 29

what is a sophron?

Answer 29

naturally lives in mean without effort

Question 30

what is an enkrate?

Answer 30

tempted but has strong enough willpower to live in the mean

Question 31

what is an akrate?

Answer 31

a person without will/weak willed person cannot live in the mean by overcoming temptation

Question 32

how is virtue ethics different to NML and SE?

Answer 32

focuses on people rather than rules sees humanity as continuously developing doesn’t focus on duty and rules as much is secular (not bound by religion)

Question 33

is virtue ethics hard to apply? YES

Answer 33

focuses on whole development of a person rather than specific situations

Question 34

is virtue ethics hard to apply? NO

Answer 34

shows the type of choice a person makes and their character

Question 35

what are the 5 intellectual virtues?

Answer 35

artistry or craftmanship prudence or practical wisdom intuition or understanding scientific knowledge philosophic wisdom

Question 36

what are the 4 cardinal virtues?

Answer 36

prudence temperance fortitude justice