Virtue Ethics

Question 1

What’s is European enlightenment

Answer 1

A period in which roughly stretched between 17th and. 18th century where there was growth in intellectual science and rationality under the backdrop of American and French Revolution.

Question 2

Kant

Answer 2

A devot Christian called an agonistic basis

Question 3

Quote in reference to cultural influences and Ethics. Two things fill the mind with. Ever new and increasing. Admiration and. Awe . The more. Often and steadily we reflect upon them : the starry heavens. Above me and the moral law within me .

Answer 3

Kant. Quote in reference to cultural influences and Ethics. Two things fill the mind with. Ever new and increasing. Admiration and. Awe . The more. Often and steadily we reflect upon them : the starry heavens. Above me and the moral law within me .

Question 4

Categorical imperative

Answer 4

You ought to do X

Question 5

What’s the universability test

Answer 5

When making moral decisions could everyone do it - eg stealing maxim.

Question 6

imperfect duties

Answer 6

Imperfect duties relate to maxims that don’t involve any logical. But none the less undeseriable for a rational being ‘ urinate on tomb stones ( no logical contradiction in universalising the maxims eg society wouldn’t collapse but Kant would argue we have an imperfect dutie to not disrespect the dead.

Question 7

Perfect duties

Answer 7

Do not kill

Question 8

Second formulation

Answer 8

Known as the. Humanity formula ‘ As to act. To treat humanity , both in your own person and in the purpose of every other always at the same time as an ends , never simply as a means.

Question 9

A problem with act utilitarianism

Answer 9

Controversial stand on human rights , as a relativist theory , as all options remain on the table, Eg. Torturing the innocent to save the. Multitude. May be permissible. If it promotes. The greatest happiness for the greatest number. Kant takes an opposing view - certain actions never. Permissible relate to humanity Formula.

Question 10

W. d. Ross prima facie Duties

Answer 10

Means a closer view
7 ethical duties which become apparent in an ethics solution
1. Promising keeping
Reperation
Gratitude
Justice
Benevolence
Self improvement
Anaysis - duty open to subjective interpretation , rather than recognising objective rights in certain situations
Today many people believe in individualism and reject notion of duties.