Virtue Ethics (VE)

Question 1

What is Virtue ethics (VE)?

Answer 1

An ethical theory, meaning it attempts to guide our moral behaviour by identifying the criteria for determining which actions are good or bad.

VE is agent-centered. It claims that what makes an action good or bad is whether it is what a virtuous person would do.

Question 2

Define eudaimonia. And who proposed this theory?

Answer 2

• human flourishing, it’s our ultimate desired end and thus ‘the good’ for human beings
• Aristotle

Question 3

What did Epicureanism view humans ultimate goal was

Answer 3

He held an opposing view arguing that pleasure was our ultimate end

Question 4

Why is Virtue Ethics theory considered hybrid?

Answer 4

Hybrid theories synthesis teleological and deontological aspects.

TELOS - humans do have an ultimate purpose according to Aristotle. “Eudaimonia”

DEONTOLOGICAL rules - there are some set rules proposed by Aristotle in his theory, e.g. it’s always wrong to steal, murder as these prevent society from flourishing.

Question 5

According to Aristotle how is it possible for individuals to be better people?

Answer 5

“To find a moral teacher who exhibits virtuous behaviour and to learn from them first”.

Question 6

Explain the nature and role of the intellectual virtues

Answer 6

Aristotle argues that humanity needs 5 intellectual virtues which translates to ethical behaviour:

1. prudence/practical wisdom
2. Intuitive intelligence
3. Wisdom
4. Scientific knowledge
5. Art/craft

Question 7

Why is Virtue Ethics considered realistic?

Answer 7

It’s the most realistic theory as it allows people to have time for themselves occasionally, as this is more likely to lead them to Eudaimonia, and helps society overall.

Allows for the growing pains that come with learning morality - when people make a mistake, it’s how they correct their behaviour in the future that makes them virtuous

Question 8

Provide examples of Virtuous Characteristics

Answer 8

1. Courage
   Abstaining characteristic: cowardice
2. Generosity
   Abstaining characteristic: illiberality

Question 9

What is Virtue Ethics views on theft?

Answer 9

• ## Aristotle defines theft as taking another’s property with the intention of injuring them, therefore theft is always wrong.