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DMD 5245 > Virus, Hepatitis and Herpes (complete) > Flashcards

Virus, Hepatitis and Herpes (complete) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the classification for Herpesviridae

A

DNA
Icosahedral
Enveloped
Double Stranded (linear)

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2
Q

What are the strains of Herpes virus found in the oral cavity

A

HSV-1 (Herpes Simplex Virus)
HSV-2
EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)
CMV (Cytomegalo Virus)

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3
Q

Where are HSV-`1 infections usually found

A

in HSV infections above the waist

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4
Q

where are HSV-2 infections usually found

A

in HSV infections below the waist

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5
Q

Are Herpes infections often latent infections

A

yes

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6
Q

What are the 8 human herpes viruses

A 
Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) HHV-1
Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2) HHV-2
Varicella zoster Virus (VZV) HHV-3
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) HHV-4
Cytomegalo Virus (CMV) HHV-5
Herpes Simplex Virus-6 HHV-6
Herpes Simplex Virus-7 HHV-7
Herpes Simplex Virus-8 HHV-8
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7
Q

Where are HSV-1 and HSV-2 located in the human body

A

in the nerve ganglia

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8
Q

where is EBV found in the human body

A

in resting B cells

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9
Q

Where is CMV found in the human body

A

in the salivary glands??

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10
Q

Who is most susceptible to primary herpes

A

6 month to 6 year old children (adults are not very susceptible, except as STD)

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11
Q

What is caused by primary herpes

A

Gingivostomatitis

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12
Q

how many adults are Ab + to primary herpes

A

80%

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13
Q

how is primary herpes transmitted

A

saliva, kissing, close contact, fomites (toys)

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14
Q

how does primary herpes express on skin

A

excema, whilow, herpes gladitorum

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15
Q

how does primary herpes express on the cornea

A

keratojunctivitis

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16
Q

What type of herpes causes cold sores and fever blisters

A

HSV-1

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17
Q

Is ocular herpes primary herpes, or reactivation of latent herpes

A

reactivation of latent herpes

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18
Q

What happens to Herpes viridae after primary gingivostomatitis

A

the virus hangs out in the Trigeminal ganglion, then can be reactivated in the maxillary, mandibular and opthalmic branches of the nerve

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19
Q

What causes Herpes to reactivate

A

stress, excessive sunlight, fever, trauma, immunosuppression

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20
Q

What is the main difference between the infection steps of Herpesviridae and other viruses

A

Herpes viridae blocks the

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21
Q

What can secondary herpes virus cause

A 
Blindness
Meningoencephalitis
Fulminant HSV
Transfer to fetus upon birth
whitlow
herpes gladitorum
pharyngitis, autoinoculation
loss of bladder control
pyschological trauma
interrupted personal relationship
stillbirths, spontaneous abortions
22
Q

What does EBV cause

A

burkitt’s lymphoma

hodgkins disease

23
Q

how does an EBV infection differ from first to third world countries

A

in third world it is mostly asymptomatic

in the first world it is a delayed infection, infectious mononucleosis

24
Q

How does EBV get transmitted

A

salivary droplets, oral-respiratory

25
Q

where does the EBV replicate

A

in nasopharynx and salivary glands

26
Q

What are the symptoms of an EBV? (mono)

A

Sore throat, malaise, fever-chills, headache, anorexia, profound fatigue

27
Q

What is the most susceptible age group to EBV infection

A

18-22 years old

28
Q

What do we do for EBV infections

A

we don’t have a vaccine, and it is not sensitive to chemotherapy

29
Q

What causes chicken pox

A

HHV-3 (VZV)

30
Q

how does chicken pox relate to shingles

A

chicken pox is the is the primary infection HHV-3, shingles is the reactivation of that HHV-3 infection

31
Q

What can CMV HHV-5 cause

A

in utero congenital infection, can cause mental retardation

32
Q

Which two strands of HHV cause Roseola

A

HHV-6, and HHV-7

33
Q

Which strand of HSV is associated with a kaposi sarcome

A

HHV-8

34
Q

What is hepatitis

A

infection/inflammation of the liver

35
Q

What is the classification of the hepadnaviridae (Hepatitis B)

A

DNA
Icosahedral
Enveloped
Double Stranded (circular) gapped

36
Q

How is Hepadnaviridae transmitted

A

Parenteral inoculation (IDU, Tattoo needles, blood needles, dental instruments)
Sex
Transplacental
Oral (not common - requires 50x more virus)

37
Q

what is the average incubation period for hepadnaviridae HEP B

A

75 days

38
Q

What are the preicteric (before jaundice) symptoms of hepadnaviridae HEP B

A

anorexia, malaise, nausea, diarrhea, fever, abdominal discomfort

39
Q

What are the icteric (jaundice) symptoms of hepadnaviridae HEP B

A

Dark urine, light colored stools, release of liver enzymes, possible cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, death

40
Q

what are the two most likely outcome of hepadnaviridae HEP B infections

A

fairly quick recovery and death

41
Q

How can hepadnaviridae HEP B infections be prevented

A

screen blood donors, screen units of blood, limited sex, no drug abuse, hygeine.
Vaccination

42
Q

How is a hepadnaviridae HEP B infection treated

A

IFN - alpha and beta

lamivudine and famciclovir (DNA polymerase inhibitor)

43
Q

What is the common name for Flaviviridae viruse

A

Hepatitus C virus

44
Q

what is the classification for flaviviridae virus

A 
RNA
Icosahedral
Enveloped
Single Stranded 
Positive
45
Q

what is used to treat HEP C

A

ritonavir, ombitasvir, dasabuvir, ribavirin

46
Q

What is the virus that causes HEP A

A

Picornavirus

47
Q

What is the classification of picornavirus

A 
RNA
Icosahedral
Naked
Single Stranded
Positive
48
Q

what are the main problematic symptoms of HEP A

A

jaundice, liver degeneration, and death

49
Q

how is HEP A transmitted

A

the fecal-oral route (contaminated food and water
Shellfish
Drug abuse (needles)
Sexual Contact

50
Q

how is HEP A prevented

A

hygeine, vaccination

51
Q

who is the HEP A vaccine recommended for

A 
those traveling to endemic countries
MSMs
IDUs
People who receive blood products
children and adolescents with historically high HEP a rates 
NOT FOR PEOPLE WITH LIVER DISEASE

DMD 5245 (15 decks)

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