Virus Review

Question 1

+ RNA

Answer 1

can be directly translated into protein

other steps for everything else

(even + RNA needs to become - RNA to replicate!)

Question 2

enveloped viruses

Answer 2

retro (HIV, HTLV-1)

Influenza

Hep B, C, D

herpes (ALL)

Pos

RSV

Measles

Question 3

non-enveloped viruses

Answer 3

picorna (polio, rhino, Hep A)

papova (HPV, JC, BK, MeCPV, WI, HU)

adeno

Question 4

Retrovirus nucleic acid and site of rep

Answer 4

HIV, HTLA-1

+ RNA

nuclear replication

Question 5

Influenza nucleic acid and site of rep

Answer 5

• RNA, segments

nuclear replication

Question 6

Hep B nucleic acid and site of rep

Answer 6

gap dsDNA

nuclear replication

Question 7

Hep D nucleic acid and site of rep

Answer 7

RNA viroid

nuclear replication

Question 8

Hep C nucleic acid and site of rep

Answer 8

+ RNA

cytoplasmic replication

Question 9

Herpes nucleic acid and site of rep

Answer 9

dsDNA

nuclear replication

Question 10

pox nucleic acid and site of rep

Answer 10

ds DNA

cytoplamsic replication

Question 11

RSV nucleic acid and site of rep

Answer 11

• RNA

cytoplasmic

Question 12

measles nucleic acid and site of rep

Answer 12

• RNA

cytoplasmic replication

Question 13

mistakes in replicating genome - most? least? basis/advantage? consequences?

Answer 13

RNA viruses!

no proofreading

DNA viruses have proofreading

mutation, evolve fast, evade immune - make a ton bc a lot are unfit

drug resistance!

Question 14

whyich virus has a unique way of massive rapid change?

Answer 14

genetic shift - influenza!! in bigs, mixing vessel for shift

drift - mutation, why new vaccine each year

Question 15

therapeutic strategies unique to env viruses?

Answer 15

fusion - merging of 2 membranes, has to be catalyzed!

Question 16

what can be treated with nt analogs?

Answer 16

HIV, HBV, herpes

Question 17

which can be vaccinated against?

Answer 17

flu, HBV, chickenpox, measles

Question 18

picornaviruses

Answer 18

polio, rhino, HAV

Question 19

picornavirus nucleic acid and site of rep

Answer 19

+ RNA

cytoplasmic

Question 20

papovavirus nucleic acid and site of rep

Answer 20

dsDNA

nuclear

Question 21

adenovirus nucleic acid and site of rep

Answer 21

dsDNA

nuclear

Question 22

acute viral lifestyle

Answer 22

Question 23

chronic viral lifestyle

Answer 23

chronic, HBV, HCV

Question 24

herpes lifecycle

Answer 24

Question 25

HIV lifecycle

Answer 25

Question 26

viruses with latency

Answer 26

herpes, HIV

Question 27

viruses with integration

Answer 27

HIV, HTLV RV! herpes don't integrate

Question 28

viruses that change for persistence

Answer 28

HCV - immune editing, mutation --\> selection RNA virus

Question 29

nucleoside analogs

Answer 29

needs to be TriPO4 to be active P by cell kinases toxicity in rapidly dividing cells (not acyclovir)

Question 30

protease inhibitors

Answer 30

HIV, polio, HAV, herpes (scaffold) used in HAV and HCV

Question 31

anitsense phosphothoirate oligont

Answer 31

CMV

Question 32

polymerase inhibitors

Answer 32

HCV HIV (RT) CMV (gangcyclovir) herpes (acyclovir) Foscarnet (IV, toxic)

Question 33

neuraminidase inhibitors

Answer 33

flue - can't get out NA on surface

Question 34

which viruses are assocated with malignancies

Answer 34

HIV, HTLV1 Hep B, Hep C Herpes - EBV, KSHV HPV

Question 35

viral dominant GOF oncogenes

Answer 35

v-onc lead to identification of human proto-oncogenes HTLV1 - tax EBV - LMP1, EBNA2 KSHV

Question 36

iral oncoproteins that antagonize cell tumor suppressor

Answer 36

HPV - E6/E7 basal cell will only divide when it touches basement membrane - only make viruses as top E6 - take away p53 break E2 - make more E6, E7, cell growht not controlled

Question 37

indirect viral cause of cancer

Answer 37

HCV, HBV (necoinflammatory response) HIV - immunosuppression

Question 38

IFN-a

Answer 38

produced by leukocytes induced by virus infection, dsRNA

Question 39

IFN-b

Answer 39

produced by fibroblasts, epithelial cells induced by virus infection, dsRNA

Question 40

ifn-g

Answer 40

produced by T cells, NK cells induced by ags, IL-2, IL-12

Question 41

virus foiling acquired immune system

Answer 41

latency - no protein produced (herpes) ag variation - change (all RNA viruses, influenza has more) remove MHC - mess w ag presentation (herpes, HIV)

Question 42

live attenuated vaccines

Answer 42

polio, VZV, smallpox, rotavirus, measles, mumps, rubella

Question 43

killed vaccines

Answer 43

polio, hav, influenza

Question 44

subunit vaccines

Answer 44

HPV, HBV (cancer)

Question 45

enteric

Answer 45

polio, HAV,

Question 46

respiratory

Answer 46

rhinovirus, flu

Question 47

sexual transmission

Answer 47

herpes, hbv, hiv, hcv (msm)