virus taxonomy

Question 1

Type 1 - dsDNA viruses

Answer 1

duplodnaviria. Herpesviridae, poxviridae, adenoviridae, papillomaviridae

Question 2

Type 2 - ssDNA viruses

Answer 2

Monodnaviria. Circoviridae and parvoviridae

Question 3

Type 3 - dsRNA viruses

Answer 3

Orthornavirae. Reoviridae and Birnaviridae

Question 4

Type 4 - positive sense ssRNA

Answer 4

Orthonavirae. Astroviridae, Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae

Question 5

Type 5 - negative sense ssRNA

Answer 5

Orthornavirae. Arenaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae

Question 6

Type 6 - ssRNA viruses (reverse transcriptase -> dsDNA)

Answer 6

Pararnavirae. Retroviridae

Question 7

Hep D

Answer 7

a deltavirus. depends on co-infection with hep B. enveloped RNA virus. 1700 base pairs, single stranded, circular RNA -> smallest animal virus. 20% mortality. worldwide with geographical cascades

Question 8

Adenovirus

Answer 8

dsDNA virus. Previously vaccinated against. faecal-oral or droplet spread. commonly cause respiratory symptoms and can vary from mild to severe

Question 9

Herpesvirus

Answer 9

dsDNA. Cold sores (and genital sores), chickenpox, shingles.

Question 10

Papillomaviruses

Answer 10

dsDNA. genital warts (HPV 6/11) now vaccinated against. causes verrucas on hands and feet. some can cause cervical cancers

Question 11

Pox viruses

Answer 11

dsDNA viruses. smallpox was eradicated in the 70s by vaccination.

Question 12

Rotavirus

Answer 12

The only dsRNA virus of clinical interest. major cause of deaths by diarrhoea in children

Question 13

Erythrovirus

Answer 13

aka 5th disease. ssDNA. causes red rash and rosiness in children

Question 14

Norovirus

Answer 14

ss(+)RNA virus. Leading cause of diarrhoeal death in adults around the world.

Question 15

West Nile virus

Answer 15

Flavivirus. ss(+)RNA. spread by Culex mosquitoes. Encephalitis leading to CNS complications

Question 16

Dengue virus

Answer 16

Flavivirus (ss(+)RNA). disabling illness, long term. Immune over-reactions upon second infections cause several thousand deaths. Endemic to tropical countries. Spread by mosquitoes. Fever, headache, muscle aches, joint pain, rash

Question 17

Tick-borne encephalitis virus

Answer 17

Flavivirus. 200 deaths a year, spread by ticks. flu like symptoms to beign with, then no symptoms, then high fever, neurological problems, meningitis etc..

Question 18

Yellow fever

Answer 18

Flavivirus. red eyes, headache, bleeding, jaundice, hepatomegaly, vomiting, back pain

Question 19

Hep E

Answer 19

ss(+)RNA. Cause of food poisoning with some mortality

Question 20

SARS

Answer 20

ss(+)RNA. Nidovirales. Respiratory illness, pandemic scare in 2003! MERS appeared in 2012, even more dangerous but not very infectious

Question 21

Enteroviruses

Answer 21

ss(+)RNA. Picornavirales. Common cold and minor diarrheal viruses

Question 22

Polio

Answer 22

ss(+)RNA. Picornavirales. Mostly eradicated

Question 23

Hand-foot-mouth disease

Answer 23

SS(+)RNA. Picornavirales. Childhood infection, very contagious, flu-like symptoms and diarrhea

Question 24

Rubella

Answer 24

ss(+)RNA. Togaviridae. Common childhood disease before vaccines! Rash, caused birth defects when caught by pregnant women

Question 25

Ross River virus

Answer 25

ss(+)RNA. Togaviridae. Arbovirus - transmitted by Culex and Aedes. Causes febrile polyarthritis with maculopapular rash

Question 26

O'nyong'nyong virus

Answer 26

ss(+)RNA. Togaviridae. Arbovirus - transmitted by anopheles. febrile polyarthritis, rash, adenitis, chest and eye pain.

Question 27

Chikungunya virus

Answer 27

ss(+)RNA. Togaviridae. Arbovirus - Aedes transmitted. Febrile polyarthritis, rash, headache, nausea and vomiting.

Question 28

Lassa viruses

Answer 28

ss(-)RNA, Arenaviridae (rodent oral-faecal transmission) arhcetypal haemorrhagic fever

Question 29

Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever and dugbe

Answer 29

ss(-)RNA, Bunyaviridae. Severe haemorrhagic fever spread by tick Hyalloma.

Question 30

Hantavirus

Answer 30

ss(-)RNA, Bunyaviridae. rodent-borne. cause severe respiratory syndrome.

Question 31

Borna virus

Answer 31

ss(-)RNA. Mononegavirus. Neurotropic - increases risk od psychiatric conditions eg bipolar

Question 32

Ebola / Marburg

Answer 32

ss(-)RNA, Filoviridae. Perhaps a lack of ebola pendemics is due to the insufficient time for transmission, too efficient :o

Question 33

Nipah/Hendra virus

Answer 33

ss(-)RNA, Paramyxoviridae. Flu-like symptoms, leading to respitory and renal failure. Bats may be a reservoir

Question 34

Measles

Answer 34

ss(-)RNA. Paramyxoviridae. Characteristic rash, almsot eradicated but increasing due to refusal of MMR vaccines

Question 35

Mumps

Answer 35

ss(-)RNA, Mononegaviridae. Can cause steriltiy in males. can cause very mild cold

Question 36

Rabies

Answer 36

ss(-)RNA, Rhabdoviridae. Usually fatal

Question 37

Influenza

Answer 37

ss(-)RNA, Orthomyxoviridae.

Question 38

Hep B

Answer 38

Retro-transcribing virus. Hepadnaviridae.

Question 39

Linnean taxonomy vs baltimore

Answer 39

Baltimore gives a more specific classification based on mRNA synthesis pathways and genome type, whereas linnean classifies into broad groups of phylum, family etc. linnean is primarily based on observable characteristics and evolutionary relationships. baltimore classifies viruses into 7 different groups.

Question 40

Linnean taxonomy of SARS-CoV2

Answer 40

species: Severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus subgenus: Sarbecovirus genus: Betacoronavirus subfamily: orthocoronavirinae family: coronavirinae suborder: carnidovirinae order: nidovirales class: Pisoniviricetes phylum: Pisuviricota Kingdom: Orthornaviria