Viruses

Question 1

What is the protein layer in a virus called?

Answer 1

Capsid

Question 2

What is the host range?

Answer 2

The type of cell or organism a virus is able to infect.

Question 3

What are virions?

Answer 3

Inert viral particles outside of a host cells.

Question 4

What are the two basic shapes capsids come in?

Answer 4

Helical and Icosahedral.

Question 5

What does a helical capsid look like?

Answer 5

Rod or thread-like.

Question 6

What does icosahedral capsid look like?

Answer 6

20 equilateral triangular sides.

Question 7

What are the 2 classifications of viral infections?

Answer 7

Acute and Persistent.

Question 8

In acute infections how fast do the viruses replicate?

Answer 8

Rapidly.

Question 9

How detectable can viruses be in persistent infections?

Answer 9

They can be detected for a long time usually years.

Question 10

What are the 3 types of persistent infections?

Answer 10

1. Chronic
2. Latent
3. Slow

Question 11

What is antigenic drift?

Answer 11

Accumulation of mutations in HA and NA genes which code for surface proteins (antigens) which are recognized by our immune system.

Question 12

Influenza viruses are what type of infection?

Answer 12

Acute

Question 13

HIV infections are what type of persistent infection?

Answer 13

Chronic

Question 14

What are anti-retro viral drugs?

Answer 14

Drugs that target different aspects of viral replication.

Question 15

8 different herpes viruses all cause what type of persistent infection?

Answer 15

Latent infections

Question 16

What is a virus?

Answer 16

Nucleic acid surrounded by a protein.

Question 17

What are 4 ways you can classify viruses?

Answer 17

1. DNA or RNA
2. Host range
3. Virion morphology
4. Genome type

Question 18

What is the lysogenic cycle?

Answer 18

1. Viral genome is integrated into host genome.
2. The integration leads to prophage.
3. Exits the chromosome, viral genes are expressed

Question 19

What is the lytic cycle?

Answer 19

1. Viruses attached to cell wall.
2. Viral DNA penetrates cell.
3. Viral DNA synthesizes in host cell.
4. Eventually exploded killing host cell. Assembles inside
5. Lysis of the cell are released.

Question 20

What are the 4 different types of vaccines?

Answer 20

1. Live attenuated vaccine- contains a live form of the virus that has been weakened.
2. Genetic vaccine- delivers instructions in the form of mRNA to make proteins for the immune system to respond to.
3. Inactivated virus vaccine- contains a virus that was killed using chemicals or heat.
4. Viral vector vaccine- contains a viral vector that delivers genetic material that can be transcribed by host cell.

Question 21

What are 4 human viral infections?

Answer 21

1. HIV/AIDS
2. Flu
3. HPV
   4 Herpes