Viruses

Question 1

Influenza (types A B and C)

Answer 1

+HA +NA
- ss RNA
Flu = fever, rhinitis, cough, myalgias, arthralgias etc
Reyes sx = children + aspirin + flu = liver/brain disease

Question 2

parainfluenza

Answer 2

\+HA +NA +F 
- ss RNA
adults = bronchitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis
kids/elderly = viral pneumonia 
croup = barking cough

Question 3

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Answer 3

-HA -NA +F
- ss RNA
MCC pneumonia < 6 mos
acute otitis media

Question 4

metapneumovirus

Answer 4

integrin alpha-V-beta receptor
- ss RNA
upper/lower resp infxns in kids/elderly

Question 5

mumps

Answer 5

\+HA +NA +F 
- ss RNA
Mumps:
parotid gland swelling
testicular swelling
meningitis 
encephalitis

Question 6

measles (rubeola)

Answer 6

+HA -NA +F
- ss RNA
Measles:
prodrome = high fever, hacking cough, conjunctivitis
kopliks spots = red based blue-white centered lesions in mouth
rash = spreads from head to toe (like paint)
subacute aclerosing panencephalitis = slow encephalitis many yrs after measles infxn

Question 7

hepatitis A

Answer 7

+ ss RNA
Acute viral hepatitis = fever, jaundice, painful hepatomegaly
NEVER BECOMES CHRONIC
anti-HAV IgM = active disease
anti-HAV IgG = old; no active disease (protective)

Question 8

hepatitis B

Answer 8

ds circular DNA
Dane particle = envelope + capsid assoc proteins + capsid + core (DNA + enzymes)
dissociation of dane particle leaves HBsAg and HBcAg
carries DNA polymerase in virion

acute viral hepatitis = fever, jaundice, painful hepatomegaly
fulminant hepatitis = severe acute hepatitis w/ rapid destruction of liver
chronic hepatitis:
asx carrier
chronic peristent hepatitis
chronic active hepatitis

HBsAg = disease
anti-HBsAg = immunity 
IgM anti HBcAg = new infection 
IgG anti-HBcAg = old infection 
HBeAg = high infectivity 
anti-HBeAg = low infectivity

Question 9

hepatitis C

Answer 9

ss RNA
acute viral hepatitis 
85% develop chronic 
20% develop cirrhosis 
risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 10

hepatitis D

Answer 10

incomplete RNA virus –> needs HBV (HBsAg)

anti-HBV abs help cure infxn

Question 11

hepatitis E

Answer 11

ss RNA

similar to hepatitis A

Question 12

hepatitis G

Answer 12

no evidence of liver disease

Question 13

herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)
herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2)
varicella-zoster virus

Answer 13

ds linear DNA
gingivostomatitis (cold sores)
herpetic keratitis of the eye
encephalitis (MCC of viral encephalitis in US)
genitial herpes 
neonatal herpes (TORCHES)
herpetic whitlow
varicella (chicken pox) 
zoster (shingles)
herpes zoster ophthalmicus --> can lead to blindness

Question 14

cytomegalovirus

Answer 14

ds linear DNA
asx 
congenital disease (TORCHES)
CMV mononucleosis 
immunocompromised --> pneumonia retinitis esophagitis

Question 15

epstein barr virus

Answer 15

ds linear DNA
infectious mononucleosis = fever sore throat severe lethargy enlarged nodes and spleen
burkitts B cell lymphoma

Question 16

human herpesvirus 6

Answer 16

ds linear DNA

roseola (exanthum subitum) = high fever followed by rash on trunk

Question 17

human herpesvirus 8

Answer 17

ds linear DNA

kaposis sarcoma

Question 18

poxviridae

Answer 18

complex coat
smallpox = skin lesions –> DEATH
molluscum contagiosum = small white bumps w/ central dimple in genital region

Question 19

papovaviridae

Answer 19

ds circular DNA
HPV= warts
BK polyomavirus = kidney dis in kidney transplant, hemorrhagic cystitis in BMT
JC polyomavirus = leukoencephalopathy –> degenerative CNS white matter disease

Question 20

adenoviridae

Answer 20

ds circular DNA
upper resp tract infxn = fever sore throat fever conjunctivitis
epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (pink eye)
epidemic diarrheal illness in infants/kids

Question 21

parvoviridae

Answer 21

• ss linear DNA
  erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) affects kids 4-12:
  fever and slap cheek rash
  transient aplastic anemia crisis = parvovirus stops production of RBCs in BM

Question 22

togaviridae alpha virus
WEE
EEE
VEE

Answer 22

+ ss RNA
vector = mosquito
HA, fever, altered level of consciousness, focal neurologic deficits

Question 23

togoviridae alpha virus

chikungunya

Answer 23

fever rash joint pain

chronic arthritis

Question 24

togaviridae rubivirus

Answer 24

rubella:
fever 
lymphadenopathy
flulike sxs 
rash from forehead to face to torso to extremities (3 days)

congenital defects (TORCHES)

Question 25

flaviviridae yellow fever virus

Answer 25

+ ss RNA hepatitis --> jaundice fever backache

Question 26

flaviviridae dengue fever

Answer 26

``` "break bone fever" + ss RNA HA mm aches joint aches backache ``` dengue hemorrhagic fever = hemorrhage thrombocytopenia and septic shock (more likely with recurrent infxns)

Question 27

flaviviridae St. Louis, Japanese, West Nile encephalitis

Answer 27

encephalitis | fever

Question 28

flaviviridae west nile virus

Answer 28

fever meningitis encephalitis or myelitis that produces flaccid paralysis

Question 29

bunyaviridae california encephalitis rift valley fever sandfly fever virus

Answer 29

- ss RNA arthropod vector fever encephalitis rift valley fever can also cause hemorrhagic manifestations

Question 30

bunyaviridae hantavirus

Answer 30

- ss RNA hemorrhagic fever w/ renal syndrome hantavirus pulmonary sx = fever, mm aches, cough, nausea/vomit, pulmonary edema --> resp failure, 40% mortality

Question 31

enteroviridae poliovirus

Answer 31

+ ss RNA mild febrile illness (infants) aseptic meningitis paralytic poliomyelitis = flaccid paralysis d/t necrosis of large motor neurons

Question 32

enteroviridae coxsackie A

Answer 32

+ ss RNA cold rashes viral meningitis herpangina = fever, sore throat, small vesicles in back of throat hand foot and mouth disease (kids < 5) = vesicles on hands, foot and mouth, highly contagious

Question 33

enteroviridae cocksackie B

Answer 33

+ ss RNA viral meningitis myocarditis/pericarditis pleurodynia

Question 34

enteroviridae echoviruses

Answer 34

+ ss RNA cold rashes viral meningitis pericarditis

Question 35

rhinoviridae rhinovirus

Answer 35

+ ss RNA | common cold

Question 36

astrovirus

Answer 36

+ ss RNA | diarrheal illness

Question 37

norwalk virus

Answer 37

+ ss RNA | viral gastroenteritis = fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea (no pus no blood)

Question 38

rotavirus

Answer 38

ss RNA viral gastroenteritis = fever abdominal pain vomiting diarrhea (no blood no pus) severe dehydration

Question 39

coronavirus

Answer 39

+ ss RNA | common cold

Question 40

rhabdoviridae

Answer 40

- ss RNA Rabies: prodrome = fever HA sore throat and very sensitive nn around wound site acute encephalitis = confusion and seizures classic brain stem encephalitis = crainal nn dysfxn, contraction of pharyngeal mm --> foaming of the mouth DEATH

Question 41

marburg virus | ebola virus

Answer 41

- ss RNA acute viral hemorrhagic fever --> high mortality (50-90%) 2 wks incubation abrupt onset of fever, HA, myalgia, abdom pain, diarrhea, pharyngitis, hiccups, cough, and somnolence

Question 42

lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM)

Answer 42

- ss RNA influenza like illness sometimes assoc w/ viral meningitis occasionally fatal

Question 43

Lassa fever

Answer 43

- ss RNA fever, sore throat, abdom pain, inractable vomiting and hypotension fatal in half of cases

Question 44

south american hemorrhagic fever viruses

Answer 44

- ss RNA gradual onset of fever myalgias nausea abdom pain conjuctivitis sometimes gen lymphadenopathy. later bleeding and petechiae. sometimes tremor seizures diarrhea.