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IHO Week 1 > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the genomic organization of parvovirus B19?

A
  • neg ssDNA
  • linear
  • small (5000) nucleotides
  • non enveloped
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2
Q

What is the capsid symmetry of parvovirus B19?

A

Icosahedral

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3
Q

What is the only virus we must know whose capsid symmetry is not icosahedral?

A

Ebola virus - helical

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4
Q

What does parvovirus B19 target?

A
  • The erythroid progenitor cell specifically the P antigen.
  • only humans
  • immune if no P antigen
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5
Q

How does parvovirus B19 gain access to the body?

A

Respiratory route

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6
Q

What does the NS1 viral protein do in parvovirus B19?

A

It induces erythroid apoptosis

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7
Q

What is the typical clinical presentation of fifth disease?

A
  • Erythrema infectiosum: macular rash and arthralgia
  • slapped cheek appearance
  • no vaccine or antiviral
  • transient aplastic crisis if there is a blood problem
  • chronic anemia
  • fetal loss
  • give IV-IgG in immunocompromized Pxs
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8
Q

How is parvovirus B19 diagnosed?

A
  • clinical presentation
  • IgG (7th day and on)
  • PCR
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9
Q

What is the genomic organization of Colorado tick fever virus?

A
  • DsRNA
  • linear
  • no envelope
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10
Q

What two viruses we need to know are non enveloped?

A
  • parvovirus B19

- Colorado tick fever virus

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11
Q

What does the Colorado tick fever virus target?

A
  • erythroid progenitor cells
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12
Q

What does the Colorado tick fever virus use to replicate?

A

The negative strand of its RNA

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13
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Colorado tick fever virus?

A
  • fever (biphasic)
  • chills,
  • body ache
  • lethargy/malaise
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14
Q

How is Colorado tick fever virus diagnosed?

A
  • IgM
  • ## reverse transcriptase PCR from blood or CSF
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15
Q

What is the treatment for Colorado tick fever virus?

A

Supportive care

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16
Q

What are some complications with Colorado tick fever virus?

A
  • meningitis and encephalitis

- get blood culture and CT

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17
Q

What is the genomic organization of the EB virus?

A
  • dsDNA
  • gamma-1 herpes virus
  • enveloped
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18
Q

What is the infection of the EB virus?

A
  • lytic in epithelial cells

- latent on B-cells

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19
Q

What malignancies occur in EB?

A
  • Burkitt’s and Hogkin’s lymphoma
  • anaplastic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  • lymphoma food granulomatosis
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20
Q

How does the EB virus access B cells?

A
  • in the tonsillar regions by CD21 on Bcells

- contact with epithelial cells

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21
Q

What is the EB virus oncogene and what is it’s homologous?

A
  • LMP1 a homologous of CD40 TNF subtype

- activates an epidermal growth factor

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22
Q

What is LMP2 and what virus is it associated with?

A
  • homologous of BCL-2

- activates B-cell proliferation/Antiapoptotic

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23
Q

What is the essential oncogene for EBV for Bcell transformation and what does it do?

A
  • EBAN3C
  • effects G1–>S checkpoint
  • down regulates p53 and possibly a apoptotic protein
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24
Q

What is the classical presentation of EBV?

A
  • Classic triad of infectious mononucleosis
  • ## fever (10-14days mild), sore throat (3-5days severe), swollen lymph nodes (cervical)
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25
How do you diagnosis EBV?
- VCA-IgM first until 4-6 weeks - VCA-IgG forever - mono spot test, IgM antibodies by bcells - Downey cells - atypical lymphocytes, dark deformed nucleus and dark rimmed cytoplasm
26
What is X-linked lymphoproliferative disease?
- EBV - develop fatal lymphoproliferative disease after EBV infection - most die from IM
27
What is the molecular basis for X-linked lymphoproliferative disease in EBV?
- SAP proteins - mutations in XIAP - ITK, MagT1, CD27
28
What is the genomic organization of CMV?
DsDNA | Enveloped
29
What is the tropism for CMV infection?
- systemic: epithelial, endothelial, smooth muscle, macrophages, neurons - latent: p antigen CD34 myeloid progenitor cells
30
How does CMV gain entry into the body and cells?
- sex, transfusion, saliva, urine, transplant | - 2 membrane glycoproteins (gB and gH-gL dimer)
31
How does CMV evade the immune system?
- disrupts MHC-1 viral protein complex | - makes miRNA that stop production of MCH-1
32
What is the clinical presentation for CMV and what does it cause?
- CMV infectious mononucleosis - microcephaly, seizures, deafness, jaundice - purpuric lesions resembling a blueberry muffin - mental retardation - hepatoslenomegaly - heterophil mononucleosis (fever, lethargy, abnormal lymphocytes)
33
How do you diagnosis CMV?
- owl's eyes on a blood smear - ELISA for pp65 within leukocytes - pp65 is part of the necleocapsid
34
What is the treatment for CMV?
- supportive if not bad | - for severe systemic congenital CMV use ganciclovir
35
What is the genomic organization of human herpes virus 6 and 7?
- DsDNA - betaherpesvirinae - roseolovirus - lipid envelope
36
What virus is called roseola?
HHV 6 & 7
37
What is the tropism for HHV 6 & 7?
- CFU-GEMM (hematopoietic stem cell) and all derivatives | - epithelial cells
38
How do HHV 6 and 7 differ?
6: 7: more narrow tropism, Helper T cells, and epithelial cells in salivary glands and cells of the lung and skin
39
What is the clinical presentation of HHV 6 & 7?
- roseola or sixth disease - exanthem subitum - infancy or early childhood - not itchy, morbilliform rash on trunk after a high fever resolves
40
How is HHV 6/7 treated?
Perhaps ganciclovir and foscarnet
41
What does HHV 6/7 cause in adults and immunocompromized people?
Adults: mononucleosis Immcom: encephalitis (ganciclovir, foscarnet, Cidofovir) against HHV 6
42
What is the genomic organization of Kaposi Sarcoma virus (HHV 8)?
DsDN
43
What does HHV 8 cause?
Kaposi Sarcoma in immunocompromized Pxs
44
What is the tropism of Kaposi sarcoma virus?
B cells
45
What are the four proteins that HHV 8 (Kaposi sarcoma virus) has?
- vFLIP: regulates apoptosis - vBcl-2: regulates apoptosis (both stop apoptosis) - vGPCR: regulates cell fate (growth and migration) - vCyclin: regulates cell division and apoptosis(?)
46
What is the treatment for HHV 8?
Latent phase targeting for re infection - ganciclovir: chain termination - Cidofir: inhib viral DNA pol - foscarnet: pyro phosphate mimic on vDNA pol
47
What is the genomic organization of Human T-cell Lymphotrophic virus (HTLV1 & 2)?
- positive ssRNA - reverse transcriptase - enveloped
48
What is the tropism for HTLV?
T-cells
49
What is HTLV2 associated with?
No pathogenesis, more common in warm places
50
How does HTLV enter and activate?
- bind gp46 through fusion - integrates into host DNA - tax induced transcription - Rex induced translation
51
What gene does Tax up and downregulate?
NF kappa beta (bind also to CREB, CREM) UP | DLG and IKB (degrade) DOWN
52
How does altering gene transcription contribute to transformation?
- activate cellular promoters and cell signaling cascades (Jak/Stat, PI3kinase, JNK) - upregulate gene expression (protein)
53
What two things does HTLV cause?
- acute T-cell lymphoma (leukemia) | - HTLV-1 associated myeolopathy (HAM)/ tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP)
54
What is the presentation of ATL?
- malaise - night sweats - fever - cachexia - adenopathy
55
What is the clinical presentation of HAM/TSP?
- tcells trafficked into areas of spinal cord leading to astrocytosis and inflammation --> demyelination - gait disturbance - stiffness and weakness in legs - back aches - weak bladder - constipation
56
What is the genomic organization of HIV?
- positive ssRNA with RT - retrovirus of lentivirus - envelope
57
What two viruses that we need to know are retroviruses?
HTLV and HIV
58
What is the tropism of HIV?
- CD4+ T helper cells primarily - macrophages - DCs
59
What are the key target molecules of HIV?
- CD4 - CCR5 - CXCR4
60
How does HIV-2 differ from 1?
- lower transmissibility and less potential to progress to AIDS - more in west Africa
61
What are the t helper cell amounts by disease?
- normal: 1200-1500 per cubic mm - immunocompromized: below 500 - AIDS: below 200
62
What is the role of t helper cells?
- mediate inflammation - recruit B cells and proliferation - decide when to stop the immune response
63
How is HIV diagnosed?
ELISA comfirmed by a western blot
64
What is the genomic organization of Ebola Hemmorrhagic Virus?
- neg ssRNA group V - enveloped - helical capsid
65
What viruses are dsRNA?
- Colorado fever tick disease
66
What viruses are dsDNA?
- EBV - CMV - HHV 6 & 7 - HHV 8
67
What is the tropism of Ebola virus?
- monocytes (macrophages and DCs)
68
What is the clinical presentation of Ebola?
- fever, myalgia, malaise, - maybe chills, - confused with malaria or dengue - flu like symptoms and bleeding
69
How is death from Ebola?
- severe organ dysfunction - encephalitis - Anuria - seizures
70
What is parvovirus 19 infection called?
Fifths disease

IHO Week 1 (2 decks)

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