Viruses Flashcards
Positive-stranded RNA viruses
I went to a RETRO TOGA party, where I drank FLAVored CORONA and ate HIPPY CALIfornia PICO de giyo. Retrovirus Togavirus Flavivirus Hepevirus Calicivirus Picornnavirus
Naked (nonenveloped) viruses
Naked CPR H and PAPP smears (DNA = PAPP, RNA = CPR)
Calicivirus, Picornavirus, Reovirus, Hepevirus
Parvovirus, Adenovirus, Papilloma, Polyoma
General DNA Virus rules
- HHAPPPPy viruses (Hepadna, Herpes, Adeno, Pox, Parvo, Papilloma, Polyoma)
- Double Stranded (except parvo)
- Linear (except papilloma, polyoma, hepadna)
- Icosahedral (except pox)
- Replicated in nucleus (except pox)
Herpesviruses
Enveloped, linear dsDNA virus
HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV (HHV-3), EBV (HHV-4), CMV (HHV-5), HHV-6, HHV-7, HHV-8
HSV-1
Respiratory secretions, Saliva
Gingivostomatitis, keratoconjunctivits, temporal lobe encephalitis (sporadic), Herpes labialis.
Latent in trigeminal ganglia
HSV-2
Sexual Contact, pernatal
Herpes genitalis, neonatal herpes.
Latent in sacral ganglia
Tzanck test
VZV (HHV-3)
Respiratory secretions
Varicella-zoster (chicken pox, shingles), encephalitis, pneumonia
Latent in dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia
EBV (HHV-4)
Respiratory secretions, Saliva
Infectious mononucleosis - fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy (esp posterior cervical nodes) - peak 15-20 yo, + Monospot test - heterophile Abs detected by agglutination of sheep or horse RBCs
Burkitt’s Lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Latent in B cells
CMV (HHV-5)
Congenital, Transfusion, Sex, Saliva, Urine, Transplant
Mononucleosis (negative monospot), pneumonia, retinitis
Infected cells have Owl’s Eye inclusions
Latent in mononuclear cells
HHV-6
Roseola - high fever for several days -> seizures and diffuse macular rash
HHV-8
Sexual contact
Kaposi’s sarcoma in HIV patients
Hepadnavirus
Enveloped partial circular dsDNA virus
HBV - acute or chronic hepatitis
Vaccine available with HBV surface antigen
Not a retrovirus but has reverse transcriptase
Adenovirus
Naked linear dsDNA virus Febrile pharyngitis - sore throat, acute hemorrhagic cystitis Pneumonia Conjunctivitis - pink eye Watery Diarrhea
Parvovirus
Naked linear ssDNA (-) Virus (smallest)
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell dz, “slapped cheeks” rash in children - erythema infectiosum (fifth dz), RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death, pure RB aplasia and rheumatoid arthritis-like symptoms in adults
Papillomarvirus
Naked circular dsDNA virus
HPV 1,2,6,11 - Warts
HPV 16,18 - CIN, Cervical Cancer
Vaccine available
Polyomavirus
Naked circular dsDNA virus
JC - progessive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV
BK virus - transplant patients, commonly targets kidney
(JC: Junky Cerebrum; BK: Bad Kidney)
Poxvirus
Enveloped linear dsDNA virus (largest- not icosahedral and carries own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase)
Smallpox
Vaccinia - cowpox (milkmaid’s blisters)
Molluscum contagiosum - flesh-colored dome lesions with central dimple
Tzanck Test
a smear of an opened skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells (test for HSV-1,2, VZV) - infected cells also have intranuclear Cowdry A inclusions
Reovirus
Naked linear Icosahedral dsRNA virus (10-12 segments)
Coltivirus - Colorado tick fever
Rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children, especially during winter in day-cares, kindergartens. Villous destruction with atrophy leads to decr absorption of Na+ and water
ROTA = Right Out The Anus
Picornavirus
Naked linear Icosahedral ssRNA virus
Poliovrus - polio-Salk/Sabin vaccines - IPV/OPV
Echovirus - aseptic meningtits
Rhinovirus - common cold, >100 serologic types. Acid Labile - destroyed by stomach acid so does not infect GI tract (like others)
Coxsackievirus - aseptic meningitis, herpangina - febrile pharyngitis, hand, foot, and mouth disease, myocarditis
HAV - Fecal-oral transmission, Asymptomatic, Acute viral hepatitis
All are enteroviruses (fecal-oral) except rhinovirus
PERCH on a “peak”
Hepevirus
Naked linear Icosahedral ssRNA virus
HEV - fecal-oral transmission with short incubation time. High mortality in pregnant women (Enteric, Expectant mothers, Epidemic)
Calicivirus
Naked linear Icosahedral ssRNA
Norwalk virus - viral gastroenteritis (watery diarrhea)
Flavivirus
Enveloped linear Icosahedral ssRNA virus
HCV - Blood, IVDU, post-transfusion transmission, Long Incubation, can be a Carrier and lead to Chronic Hep, Cirrhosis, and Carcinoma
Yellow Fever - Aedes mosquito with monkey or human reservoir -> high fever, black vomitus, jaundice
Dengues
St. Louis encephalitis
West Nile virus
Togavirus
Enveloped linear Icosahedral ssRNA virus
Rubella (German Measles) - Fever, postauricular adenopathy, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, fine truncal rash that starts at head and moves down (TORCH infxn)
Eastern equine encephalitis
Western equine encephalitis
