Viruses Flashcards by Sirai Ramirez

What are the 6 DNA viruses ?

HHAPPY

Herpes
Hepadena
Adeno
Papova
Parvo
Pox

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What 3 bacteria are almost as small as viruses?

Chlamydia
Ricketssiae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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Which 2 viruses are single stranded DNA viruses?

Poxavirus, parvovirus

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A 26-year-old woman presents to the emergency room for 3 days of high fever, chills, muscle aches, a severe headache, and sore throat. She works in a nursing home but has not had her flu shot yet this year. She has a past medical history of systemic lupus erythematosus and hypothyroidism. A rapid strep test is negative, and a rapid antigen detection test for flu is positive.

what is the type of replication and capsid?

Orthomyxoviridae

Rna negative
helical

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Which family of viruses includes influenza?

orthomyxoviruses

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Which virus causes croup?

Paramyxo virus (parainfluenza)

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Antigenic shift is associated with ________and antigenic drift causes ___________

pandemics; epidemics

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Which paramyxovirus can result in parotitis?

Mumps ( negative sense, enveloped )

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1 cause of pneumonia in children?

RSV

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28-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for fatigue, malaise, and abdominal pain. He reports his symptoms began a few days ago and have progressively worsened. His symptoms are associated with nausea, 2 episodes of emesis, and generalized pruritus. Social history is significant for recent travel to India. He is currently sexually active with multiple men and does not use condoms. Physical examination is notable for scleral icterus, generalized jaundice, and hepatomegaly. Serologic testing is remarkable for anti-HAV IgM antibodies

How did this person acquire this virus?

sexual history
recent travel
history of IV drug use
alcohol consumption
history of blood transfusions

This patient is experiencing an active Heptatitis A infection. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and is commonly seen in unvaccinated international travelers.

Hep A has (+) IgM if active infection
causes : acute hepatitis (fever, jaundice, high liver enzymes)

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Which demographic can commonly display anicteric hepatitis A infection?

young children and infants

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A 35-year-old presents to the emergency department due to abdominal pain and malaise. He also reports “yellow-ing” of his skin. Medical history is noncontributory. Social history is notable for intravenous drug use and having multiple sexual partners. Physical examination is remarkable for right upper quadrant tenderness, generalized jaundice, and scleral icterus. Laboratory studies demonstrate the presence of HBsAg and significantly elevated IgM anti-HBc, and HBeAg.

What is the type of replication of this virus? is it DNA or RNA

HBV: double stranded DNA

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Hepatitis B infection

Which serum HBV marker predicts infectivity? old vs new infection?

HBeAg;

2. IgM/igG anti HBcAg

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What does (+) anti HBsAg indicate?

person is immune/ VACCINATED to hepatitis B , cure , no active disease

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Hepatitis B infection

What does the presence of anti-HBc and anti-HBsAg indicate?

Recovery from acute HBV

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A 35-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for worsening abdominal pain and “yellowing” of the skin. He reports that his symptoms began a few weeks ago and is associated with pale stools and dark urine. He denies any sick contacts and cannot identify a likely cause of his symptoms. He endorses to using opiates use via injection and is sexually active with multiple men and inconsistently using condoms. On physical exam, scleral icterus is appreciated in an uncomfortable appearing man.

If they test positive for anti- HCV what is the method of transmission?

spread by blood

Hepatitis C

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Which 2 hepatitis viruses can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma?

HBV and HCV

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What 4 viruses cause viral hemorrhagic fever?

Arenaviridae, Filoviridae, Bunyaviridae, and Flaviviridae.

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What family of viruses does West nile virus belong to?

Flaviviridae

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What family of viruses does mumps and measles belong to ?

Paramyxoviridae

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What are the acute transient infection causing viruses

Poliovirus ( enterovirus)
West nile
Mumps
Measles

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What 4 viruses transform infected cells into benign or malignant tumor cells?

EBV
HPV
HBV
GTLV1

these are transforming viral infections

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Which infections is the immune system is unable to elimi- nate
continue viral replication ? ( chronic productive)

HIV

HBV

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What is a latent infection virus?

HSV herpes viruses

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Which strain of influenza is found in animals including ducks, chickens, pigs, whales and horse?

Influenza A (orthomyxoviridae)

What is the most common subtype of HIV 1 in US.

Subtype B

What is the most common complication of influenza?

Pneumonia

What are 2 bacterial opportunistic infections involved with HIV?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis mycobacterium avium intracellulare

_________of HIV binds CD4 and the co-receptors CXCR4 {(primarily on T cells), and __________(primarily on macrophages)

gp120/ CCR5

What is the treatment for rotavirus?

oral rehydration therapy

What four viruses cause diarrhea? Which one is DNA virus??

Norovirus Rotavirus Astrovirus Adenovirus (DNA virus )*****

Which virus that causes diarrhea is the MOST common cause of childhood diarrhea in underdeveloped countries?

Rotavirus (naked, dsRNA)

A 2-year-old girl presents to the emergency room for diarrhea and abnormal behavior. Her mother reports that she had been having watery diarrhea for the past 2 days with some nonbloody vomiting. Although she has been encouraging the patient to drink more fluids, she has been resistant. Today, the patient is sleepier than usual, and her urine output is also less than usual. On physical exam, she has sunken eyes and dry mucous membranes. She has an episode of diarrhea while in the emergency room. She is given intravenous hydration What virus does this person have?

Rotavirus

A 10-year-old boy presents to the emergency room after being bit by an animal in a cave. His parents report that they live near some caves that the boy frequently explores. While they are not sure if it was a bat, they are concerned about rabies. On physical exam, there is a small excoriation on his left leg. Otherwise, physical exam is within normal limits. The boy is given the rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin What is characteristic morphology of this virus? What are they most likely to die of if not treated?

Rhabdovirus ; bullet shaped; death by respiratory failure

Rabies virus replication occurs in eusinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions called ___________

Negri bodies

Which virus caused by bats and raccoons commonly causes dysphagia, muscle spasms, and coma?

Rhabdovirus ( RNA - , enveloped)

Acute encephalitis and hydrophobia is caused by what virus?

Rhabdovirus ( RNA - )

Which strain of human immunodeficieny virus is less pathogenic and less transmitted?

HIV 2

What are the stage progressions of rhabdovirus?

1. prodrome ( fever sorethroat) 2. acute encephalitis ( madness) 3. brainstem encephalitis (foaming mouth) 4, DEEATH

What family of viruses does Dengue fever belong to?

Falviveridae

What family of viruses does Lassa fever and Rift valley river belong to ?

Arenaviridae

Which flavivirus is associated with flaccid paralysis?

West nile virus

Which viruses are associated with HIV infections?

Herpes zoster EBV HSV Cytomegalovirus

Any virus that is transmitted by mosquitoes, flees, or ticks is said to be an _________

ARBOVIRUS Bugs, Fleas, Ticks B- unyaviridae Flaviviridae Togaviridae

What viruses are under Herpisveridae?

EBV Zoster HSV1/2 Cytomegalovirus

What is the etiology of Shingles? | \

varicella zoster

Which two demographics are commonly affected by Herpes Zoster (shingles)?

elderly and immunocompromised

A 68-year-old male presents to his dermatologist with a painful rash above his right nipple as following along a dermatome. Which of the following is the most likely etiology of the patient's rash 1. Excessive fibrosis and collagen deposition 2. Superficial bacterial skin infection 3. Autoimmune IgG antibody against desmosomes 4. Virally mediated epidermal hyperplasia 5. Reactivation of latent virus

5. herpes zoster (shingles)

What virus is the most common cause of the common cold?

Rhinovirus (picnoviridae) (naked, (+)senseRNA

What is the second most common cause of the common cold?

Coronavirus

What is the route of transmission of most picornaviruses?

fecal oral

Zika virus is commonly transmitted by the ________mosquito vector

aedes

Erythema multiforme is a blistering skin disorder most commonly associated with _________infection

HSV

Erythema migrans is associated with _________ Erythema marginatum is associated with________ Erythema multiforme is associated with _________

lyme disease rheumatic fever HSV

A child given aspirin for a viral illness is at risk for developing?

Reyes syndrome | hepatic encephalitis

What virulence factor does orthomyxo virus require for progeny to exit the cell?

Neuraminadase

Koplik spots, macular papular rash, conjunctivitis are all symptoms of ?

Measles (Paramyxo virus)

orchitis and parotiditis are clinical symptoms of _____

MUMPS (paramyxo virus)

Ebola and Marburg can be transmitted via ?

monkey contact. (Filoviridiae)

Hantavirus causes __________ syndrome and is part of the _________ family of viruses

Bunyaviridae

Fusion protein is the virulence factor of what family of viruses?

Paramyxo virus

What is the reservoir of arenaviridae?

RODENT droppings cause lassa fever/ rift valley fever

What is the most common cause of ASEPTIC meningitis (no sugar, no bacteria, high protein)?

ENTEROVIRUS cocksackie A/B poliomavirus (assymetric paralysis)

poliovirus replicates in __________

peyer patches / affects motor neurons too!

Yellow fever and dengue fever are both transmitted by ____________

AEDES mosquito

What are the 3 diagnostic symptoms of congenital rubella?

cataracts blueberry muffin heart defects

What protein is necessary for HIV to 'drill' into host cell membrane?

gp41

What protein makes up the outer capsule of HIV?

Gp120

What is the #1 cause of sensorineural hearing loss in children?

CMV

What is the #1 cause of congenital viral infection | /

CMV

high febrile seizures and lacy rash are unique to _____

HHV 6 / Roseola

A person with Karposi sarcoma has abnormal proliferation of ?

vasculature due to VEGF

Hemorrhagic cystitis / blood in urine is caused by ?

Polyomavirus BK | Adenovirus

HIV patients presenting with PML ( progressive, multifocal leukoencephalopathy is due to ?

Polyomavirus JC

HPV 6, 11 are associated with _________ | HPV 16. 18 are associated with _________

1. genital warts | 2. cervical cell carcinoma

Fever with slapped face rash on cheeks indicates_______

parvovirus (5th disease)

A child born with hydrops fetalis and hyperchromic microcytic anemia most likely acquired____

parvovirus (5th disease) via mom in rpegnancy

Which DNA virus presents with a synchronous rash of face and palms and is the largest DNA virus?

Variola virus

Most common cause of viral encephalitis?

HSV herpes

What is the demographic for people who have Varicella ZOster?

immunosuppression | advanced age

DEscribe the rash with someone who has Varicella Zoster?

follows dermatomal distribution