Viruses & Bacteria Flashcards
Virulent Viruses
Causes host cells to Lyse
What are viruses
Fragments of genomes that have escaped
Template viruses
Become incorporated into the host cell; no lyses
Prions
Infectious proteins on viruses that cause disease
Bacteriophages
Viruses that use bacteria as host cells
How to viruses enter into host cells
1: tail fibers attach viruses to bacterial cell wall
2: base plate makes contact with cell wall
3: Tail contacts
4: Tail tube extends through base plate and bacterial cell wall
5: Nucleic acids injected into host bacterial cell
What is the lytic cycle
The reproduction of more virus particles- host cell eventually lyses
What are bacteria used for
The making of dairy products while others are used for decomposition
Bacteria are…
Single celled Size of 1 micrometer DNA circular; found free in the cytoplasm no sexual reproduction Mitosis absent Enzyme attached to cell membrane Flagella
What does the lipid cell wall do in gram [-] bacteria
The lipopolysaccharide will make gram - bacteria resistant to many antibiotics
What are the three shapes if bacteria
Rod shaped: bacillis
Round shaped: coccus
Spiral shaped: spirillium
Binomial nomenclature
The process of classification in which organisms are assigned a genus and species name for identification
Phenetics
Taxonomy based on degree of morphological and physiological differences between organisms
Cladistics
Taxonomy based on evolutionary history of organisms
Spore
Asexually reproduced “seed” of a bacteria
Pilus
“Hair-like” growth from bacterial membrane that allows bacteria to attach to surfaces.
Conjugation
Method of reproduction in which bacteria exchange plasmids or bits of DNA across the “pilus bridge”
Pathogen
Disease causing microorganisms.
What are the 6 kingdoms
Plantae, fungi, animilia, Protista, monera.
What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells are single celled organisms while eukaryotic cells are made up of thousands of cells
What are the three types of lifecycles and eukaryotes
Lidue, Lysogenic, and viral
What is it mean to be “gram-positive or gram-negative”
A difference in the composition of the cell walls.
What are endospores and how do they differ from spores
A cell with any cell of bacteria that are exposed to harsh conditions.
List nine diseases caused by bacteria
Anthrax, lime disease, plague, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, peptic ulcers, typhus, and pneumonia
