Viruses, Desent W/ Modification, Evolution Of Populations, Phylogenetics, Origin Of Species & Macroevolution Flashcards
What is a bacteriophage?
A host specific virus that attack bacterial cells
What are viruses composed of?
Nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) covered in a protein coat (capsid)
What are plant viruses?
A ssRNA surrounded by a cylindrical protein coat. It was the first virus discovered
What are animal adenoviruses?
A dsDNA that is spherical and has attached glycoproteins. Affects the upper respiratory/digestive tract
What is an animal poxvirus
A dsDNA. This steals part of the cell membrane of the host cell; causes small pox and cowpox
What is an animal herpes virus
A ssDNA virus, steals cell membrane of a host cell. Causes herpes, shingles, chicken pox
What is an animal retrovirus
A ssRNA virus; steals cell membrane and causes HIV and Ebola
What is the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic
An epidemic is a general outbreak.
A pandemic is a worldwide outbreak.
What are 3 reasons for outbreak
1) travel
2) mutated strain
3) animal viruses are contracted by humans
What are the 3 types of influenza virus
A- animal/human
B- only human
C- only human
What are the 6 stages of replication of a virus
1) attachment
2) penetration
3) uncoating
4) replication
5) self assembly
6) release
What is the lytic cycle
1) attachment
2) entry
3) synthesis
4) assembly
5) release
What is the lysogenic cycle
1) Intro of viral DNA
2) phage DNA integrates into bacterial chromosome, becoming a prophage
3) the bacterium reproduces normally, copying the prophage and transmitting it to daughter cells
4) daughter cell with prophage
