Viruses in tropics Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are the clinical manifestations of Dengue virus?
- Diabetes
- Hypertension (co-morbidities among adults and elderly)
- Fever, lethargy and vomiting (children)
- Abdominal pain (Adults)
- Rashes may occur
What protein is expressed first in dengue infection?
Non-structural protein no1
(NS1)
- NS1 antigen is tested for detcetcion
What is co-infection of dengue?
- Rare
- One mosquito can carry two types of dengue at the same time (DENV1-4)
What is japanese encephalitis?
- first recorded in Japan 1871
- Abortion and weakness in seinr and fatalities in human and horses
- Wading birds and bats act as a reservoir hosts, pigs= amplifyin agents, horses = dead-end hosts
E gene I-V ; all reported in Malaysia and Indonesia - sporadic outbreak
What are the clinical manifestations of japanese encephalitis?
- Mild fever / headache without apparent symptoms
-1:250 report severe disease (30% fatality) - Rapid onset of high fever, headache, neck stiffness, disorientations
- coma,. seizures
- spastic paralysis and death
What are clinical manifestations of Zika virus?
- African lineage onset
- Acute onset of fever. maculopapular rash, arthralgia, conjunctivitis, headache, myalgia
- Congenital microencepahly
Seropositivity in blood donors, aboriginal communites (Sabah = n =148)
Peninsular Malaysia (13%)
What is tembusu virus?
- discovered in Peninsular Malausoa - 1955; 1968-1970 - 32 TMUV isolated - Cx
- Seropositivity in orangutans (Sabah)
- Migratory birds - suspect reservoirs
- Circulating strain in Malaysia
- TMUV (duck)- neurological disease
What is Kunjin virus?
- KUNV-WNV variant
- causes mild symptoms in humans but can lead to an acute frebrile meningoencephalitis
- first isolated from Cu. Mosquito in Kowanyama, North Queenslamd in 1960
What is the prevalance in Malaysia?
- WNV seropositivity 1% (n = 742) among aboriginal communites
- Detected WNV RNA among Cu. mosquitoes - collected 2017/8
What are the types of Flavivirus?
- Jugra virus - YFV varient
Langat virus - TBEV (tick borne virus ) - rodents = psosible natural host
TBEV in Germany - 57% seropositive against TBEV (East Europe) - predominantly silent TBEV infections (> 250/10,000/ year)
What are no known vector (NKV) flavivirus?
- Batu cave virus
- Carey island virus
What is Getah virus?
first isolated in Cu.Mosquitoes in 1955
- Genotypes I-IV identified among mosquitoes belonging to five genera of Culicidae
(Culex, Anopheles, Armigeres, Aedes and Mansonia
)
- GIII associated with disease in animals
What is the seroprevalance of Getah virus?
- Hunan, China - 3.4% to 26,4% in humas
- Sarawal - 1962-64 - 52% in pigs
Japan
pre- and post-ouybreak - % and 61,2% in hprse
pre- and post-outbreak - 2.7% and 19.1 % in pigs
Animals should also be looked at in infections
What are the clinical manifestations of GETV in animals?
- cause fever, rash, hind limb oedema and lymph node enlargement in horses
- infected piglets echibit depression, tremors, hind limb paralysis, diarrhoea and high mortality
Abortion in indected sows-misdiagnosed as ASD - Cows, sheep, goats , chicks, ducks, red panda and wild boars also infected but lack clinical manifestations
No cases reported in human
What is chikungunya virus (CHIKV)- Malaysia?
Major outbreaks after 1996
sporadic outbreaks
- Clinical manifestations:
- fever, myalgia, arthralgia, rash in adults
- Fever, abdominal pains, vomiting, constipations - children
- often underdiagnoses/ misdiagnosed as dengue
3-28% asymptomatic ; Tanjung Sepat outbreak in 2019 - 8%
What is sindibos virus?
- Animals 0 isolated from CU- mosquitoes
- Seroprevalance in large domestic animals and birds, especially domestic ducks
Free-ranging oragutans also seropositive
Human:
-symptoms - fever, headache, bodyache and gernalised rashes - first case in Malaysia - 1972
What is Bebaru virus?
isolated from Cu. mosquitoes
Whhat are signs and symptoms of Pteropine Orthoreovirus?
- Fever
- Sore throat
- Cough
- Headache
- Muscle or bodyache
