viruses quiz Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are viruses?
Pathogens that can cause disease.
Name three examples of viruses.
- Influenza
- Herpesvirus
- HIV
Are viruses made of cells?
No, viruses are not made of cells.
Can antibiotics treat viral infections?
No, antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections.
What is the simplest part of a virus called?
Virion.
What are the two basic components of a virion?
- Nucleic acid (RNA or DNA)
- Capsid
Can viruses infect any type of cell?
No, viruses cannot infect any cell.
What type of cells can COVID-19 infect?
Cells of the respiratory system.
What do viruses need to replicate?
A host cell.
Do viruses have a growth cycle?
No, viruses do not have a growth cycle.
True or False: Viruses respond to stimuli from their environment.
False.
What can happen during an active infection of a virus?
Thousands of copies of the virus are made.
What are the characteristics used to classify viruses?
- Shape
- Cells they infect
- Nucleic acids
- Site of replication
- Mode of transmission
What is the term for a cell infected by a virus?
Host cell.
What do viruses lack that limits their replication?
Genes for replication.
What are bacteriophages?
Viruses that infect bacteria.
Describe the lytic cycle.
The virus infects the cell, makes copies quickly, leading to cell death.
Describe the lysogenic cycle.
The virus replicates its genetic material without assembling viruses.
True or False: Animal viruses always cause the host cell to die.
False.
How do enveloped viruses exit a host cell?
Via exocytosis.
What is reverse transcription?
The process by which retroviruses synthesize complementary DNA from their RNA.
What does HIV specifically bind to in helper T-cells?
A protein called CD4.
What syndrome does untreated HIV lead to?
AIDS (autoimmune deficiency syndrome).
How is HIV transmitted?
Through specific activities, such as sexual behaviors and contaminated needles.
