Viruses--Skildum Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
Acyclovir is equivalent to guanosine minus _________
A
3˚ hydroxyl (and associated carbons)
2
Q
A high Bcl-2/Bax ratio indicates a cell that has a long/short life expectancy
A
long
3
Q
Bax =
A
AX
–> apoptotic
4
Q
How does Bax cause apoptosis?
A
releases cyclochrome C –> caspase cascape
5
Q
Parvovirus B19
- class
- envelope status
- capsid
A
Class II–(+) ssDNA
Nonenveloped
Icosahedral
6
Q
Parvovirus tropism
A
erythroid progenisotor cells
7
Q
Parvovirus tropism antigen
A
blood group P antigen
8
Q
Parvovirus entry method
A
respiratory droplets
9
Q
NS1 in parvovirus…
A
induces apoptosis
10
Q
Erythema infectiosum is caused by
A
parvovirus
11
Q
Erythema infectiosum is also known as
A
5th disease
12
Q
Erythema infectiosum is also known as
A
5th disease
13
Q
Parvo treatment
A
supportive–IVIg in immunocompromised individuals
14
Q
This is a severe RBC problem with parvo
A
transient aplastic crisis
15
Q
Hydrops fetalis is caused by
A
parvo
16
Q
Dx of parvo
A
B19M antibody titer
Quantative PCR–low levels exist throughout life
17
Q
Colorado tick fever virus
- class
- envelope status
- capsid
A
Class III–dsRNA
Nonenveloped
Icosahedral
18
Q
Colorado tick fever virus tropism
A
RBCs
19
Q
Colorado tick fever virus seasons
A
spring and summer
20
Q
Colorado tick fever virus uses the __________ RNA strand to transcribe a __________ mRNA
A
negative, positive
21
Q
Dx of Colorado tick fever virus
A
vRNA, IgM
22
Q
Colorado tick fever virus Tx
A
supportive care
23
Q
Epstein Barr virus
- class
- envelope status
- capsid
A
Class I–dsDNA
Enveloped
Icosahedral
24
Q
Epstein Barr virus
- class
- envelope status
- capsid
A
Class I–dsDNA
Enveloped
Icosahedral
25
Epstein Barr
- Lytic tissue
- Latent tissue
- lytic in epithelial tissue
| - latent in B-cells
26
Malignancies associated with EBV
Burkitt's lymphoma
Anaplastic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Hodgkin's disease
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
27
EBV gains entry to B-cells via
CD21 on B-cell surface
28
EBV oncogene LMP1 is homolog of which normal cellular protein?
CD40--TNF
29
LMP1 activated which transcription factor?
epidermal growth factor receptor
30
EBV oncogene EBNA3C affects G1 --> S transition of B-cells how?
blocking p53 activity
31
EBV oncogene EBNA3C affects G1 --> S transition of B-cells how?
blocking p53 activity
32
EBV oncogene EBNA3C affects G1 --> S transition of B-cells how?
blocking p53 activity
33
Classic triad of EBV:
fever
pharyngitis
lymphadenopathy
34
Monospot for EBV detects ________ produced by ________
heterophile antibodies, B-cells
35
VCA-IgM present in EBV timeline indication
infection in last 2-3 months
36
VCA-IgM present in EBV timeline indication
infection in last 2-3 months
37
VCA-IgG present in EBV timeline indication
past exposure--no timeline
38
This cell type is diagnostic for EBV infection
atypical lymphocytes or Downey cells
39
X-linked lymphoproliferative disease presents as...
fever + lymphadenopathy or GI Sx
40
X-linked lymphoproliferative disease molecular basis
SAP proteins bind to a protein that mediates B- and T-cell interactions
41
CMV
- class
- envelope status
- capsid
Class I--dsDNA
enveloped
icosahedral
42
CMV systemic infection tropism
epithelium, endothelium, sm. muscle, macrophages, neurons
43
CMV latent infection tropism
CD34+ myeloid progenitor cells
44
CMV latent infection tropism
CD34+ myeloid progenitor cells
45
How does CMV avoid host immune response?
micro-RNAs interfere with MHC-I proteins, avoid presentation
46
How does CMV avoid host immune response?
micro-RNAs interfere with MHC-I proteins, avoid presentation
47
CMV mononucleosis Sx special things
high fevers, absent tonsular exudate and cervical lymphadenopathy
48
Owl's eyes =
CMV
49
CMV Tx
supportive
50
Congentical CMV Tx
gancyclovir
51
Acyclovir doesn't work on CMV because...
viral thymidine kinase is absent
52
Kopasi sarcoma virus
- class
- envelope status
- capsid
Class I--dsDNA
Enveloped
icosahedral
53
Kopasi sarcoma virus affects mostly patients that are
immunocompormised
54
Kaposi sarcoma virus is tropic to
B-cells
55
3 Tx modalities for Kaposi virus infections
ganciclovir: chain terminator
cidofir: vDNA-Pol inhibitor
foscarnet: vDNA-Pol inhibitor, anion pyrophosphate analogue
56
3 Tx modalities for Kaposi virus infections
ganciclovir: chain terminator
cidofir: vDNA-Pol inhibitor
foscarnet: vDNA-Pol inhibitor, anion pyrophosphate analogue
57
Ganciclovir mechanism
chain terminator
58
Cidofir mechanism
vDNA-Pol inhibitor
59
Foscarnet mechanism
vDNA-Pol inhibitor, anion pyrophosphate analogue
60
Foscarnet mechanism
vDNA-Pol inhibitor, anion pyrophosphate analogue
61
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus
- class
- enveloped
- capsid
Class VI-- (+) ssRNA w/ reverse transcriptase
Enveloped
Icosahedral
62
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus tropic
T-cells
63
HTLV-1 vs HTLV-2
HTLV-2 is noninfectious
64
HTLV-1 vs HTLV-2
HTLV-2 is noninfectious
65
What is the HTLV-1 receptor?
GLUT-1
66
Acute T-cell lymphoma presentation
malaise, night sweats, fever, cachexia, adenopathy
67
Acute T-cell lymphoma presentation
malaise, night sweats, fever, cachexia, adenopathy
68
HTLV-1 associated myelopathy associated myeolopathy pathology
infected T-cells move to spinal cord
- -> astrocytosis
- -> paralysis
69
HTLV-1 associated myelopathy associated myeolopathy pathology
infected T-cells move to spinal cord
- -> astrocytosis
- -> paralysis
70
HIV
- class
- envelope status
- capsid
- Group VI (+) ssRNA with reverse transcriptase
- enveloped
- icosohedral
71
HIV
- class
- envelope status
- capsid
- Group IV (+) ssRNA
- enveloped
- icosohedral
72
HIV tropism
CD4+ T-cells
73
AIDS has white count
74
HIV-1 vs HIV-2
HIV-2 less transmittable + less progression to AIDS
75
AIDS has white count
76
Zidovudine mechanism
thymidine analogue, blocks reverse transcriptase at active site
77
Efavierenz mechanism
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, bind reverse transcriptase far from active site
78
Raltegrovivir mechanism
entry inhibitor, inhibits catalytic activity of HIV integrase
79
Ritinovir mechanism
HIV protease inhibitor
80
Maroviroc mechanism
chemokine receptor 5 antagonist. HIV entry inhibitor.
81
Diagnostic tests for HIV
Step 1: rapid antigen ELISA
| Step 2: Western Blot to confirm
82
Monitoring of HIV patients
CD4+ tests
| RT-PCR viral load tests
83
Ebola
- class
- envelope status
- capsule
Group V (-) ssRNA
Enveloped
helical
84
Ebola virus tropism
lymphocytes
85
Ebola virus tropism
lymphocytes
86
Class I viruses
EBV--enveloped
CMV--enveloped
Human Herpes Virus 6 and 7--enveloped
Kaposi Sarcoma virus--enveloped
87
Class II viruses
Parvovirus--nonenveloped
88
Class III viruses
Colorado Tick Fever Virus--nonenveloped
89
Class V viruses
Ebola--enveloped
90
Class VI
HIV--enveloped
| Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus--enveloped
91
Class I viruses
EBV--enveloped
CMV--enveloped
Human Herpes Virus 6 and 7--enveloped
Kaposi Sarcoma virus--enveloped
