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biologie > viry > Flashcards

viry Flashcards

1
Q

co je virus

A

nebunecna castice

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2
Q

jak velky je vir

A

15-390nm

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3
Q

jaci jsou parazite a co to znamena

A

nitrobunecni parazite = k rozmnozovani potrebuji bunku

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4
Q

co zpusobuji viry

A

onemocneni zivocichu, rostlin, bakterii

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5
Q

kolik zname druhu viru

A

4800

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6
Q

kdy a diky cemu byly objeveny viry

A

konec 19.st. - tabakova mozaika

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7
Q

kdy a jaky lidsky virus byl prvni popsany

A

1900 - zluta zimnice

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8
Q

viroid

A

jednoretezcova molekula RNA bez kapsidy (nemoci rostlin)

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9
Q

virus

A

souhrne onemocneni pro puvodce onemocneni

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10
Q

virion

A

konkretni jedna castice, pomoci niz se virus siri

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11
Q

stavba viru

A

molekula NK, kapsida, cidla, membranovy obal

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12
Q

molekula NK

A

jedno nebo dvou retezcova RNA nebo DNA nesouci geny (tri az nekolik set)

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13
Q

kapsida

A

bilkovinovy obal, casto pravidelne krystaly

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14
Q

NK+kapsida

A

nukleokapsid

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15
Q

cidla

A

komplexy glykoproteinu, ,,klic” k hostitelske bunce

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16
Q

membranovy obal

A

maji ho jen nektere viry, z cytoplazmaticke membrany hostitelske bunky

17
Q

tri mozne puvody viru

A
  • paralelni vyvoj RNA (bunecna a virova linie)
  • zpetny vyvoj (regrese) bunky nebo konpartmentu
  • ,,ztracene” kousky NK
18
Q

zivotni (reprodukcni) cyklus viru

A

vyhledani a rozeznani, prunik, replikace, lýze buňky

19
Q

vyhledani a rozeznini bunky

A

pomoci cidel, system zamek a klic

20
Q

prunik do bunky

A

endocytoza (cely) nebo prunik pouze NK (bakteriofagove)

21
Q

replikace

A

bunecne konpartmenty donuceny k vyrobe novych useku NK a obalu pro vir

22
Q

lyze bunky

A

rozpad bunky a uvolneni virionu

23
Q

dva duhy reprodukcniho systemu viru

A

litycky (viz lize bunky), lyzogenni

24
Q

lyzogenni cyklus

A

NK viru se zapoji do genomu hostitelske bunky, vznikne virovy chromozom (provir, profag), zisk novych vlastnosti pro bunku (nadorove bujeni), kdykoli prechod do lytickeho cyklu (oslabena imunite, stres…)

25
Q

retroviry

A

reverzni trenskripce (zpetny prepis) RNA do DNA hostitelske bunky-lyzogenni cyklus, dokonala ochrana pred imunitnim systemem, infekce ,,nadosmrti”

26
Q

deleni viru

A
  • RNA viry
  • DNA viry
  • bakteriofagove, fytopatogennni a zoopatogeni viry, mikoviry
  • retroviry
27
Q

viry rostlin

A

fytopatogenni viry

28
Q

viry zivocichu

A

zoopatogenni

29
Q

viry hub

A

mykoviry

30
Q

viry bakterii

A

bakteriofag

31
Q

lecba virovych onemocneni

A

klid, tekutiny, vitaminy, antivirotika, ockovani (antibiotika jako prevence, pokud je organismus oslaben tak je to ez pro bakterie)

32
Q

priony

A

makromolekuly bilkovin se zmenenou stavbou, ktere napadaji bilkoviny nervove soustavy a degraduji je

33
Q

perzistence

A

virus pronikne do bunky a nerozmnozi se

biologie (5 decks)

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