Viscerosomatic/Chapman's

Question 1

What’s a reflex? myotactic reflex?

Answer 1

a. The common concept of the reflex is basically one of a relationship between an input stimulus to the body and an output action to either a muscle or a secretory organ
b. tonic contractions of the muscles in response to a stretching force due to stimulation of muscles receptors

Question 2

What is the basis of activation of somatic muscle activity seen in visceral disturbances?

Answer 2

the overlap of visceral and somatic afferents

Question 3

What is decompensation of homeostasis?

Answer 3

altered or impaired function thus becomes the basis for loss of health

Question 4

What is habituation?

Answer 4

The process of decreasing response of a neural pathway with a continuous stimulation
Ubiquitous phenomenon

Question 5

How are habituation and sensitization work together?

Answer 5

These two processes exist together to help maintain a homeostasis between over-reaction and under-reaction to a stimulus

Question 6

What is pain?

Answer 6

conscious perception of nociception

Question 7

What is the facilitated segment?

Answer 7

• Inflammation disrupts the balance between habituation and sensitization
Results in larger than normal motor outputs to the autonomics and somatic systems
This then is thought to set up the low-threshold spinal reflexes Korr and Denslow talked about:
THE FACILITATED SEGMENT

Question 8

What is allostasis? central sensitization?

Answer 8

1. long term neural effect of segmental facilitation

2. secondary hyperalgesia develops

Question 9

What effects on the body can allostasis have?

Answer 9

CV – HTN, Increased risk of MI
Neuro – Depression, Anxiety, Memory loss, Decreased cognition
Immune – Immunosupression, autoimune disease

Question 10

Somatosomatic

Answer 10

localized somatic stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures.

Question 11

Somatovisceral

Answer 11

localized somatic stimulation producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related visceral structures.

Question 12

Viscerosomatic

Answer 12

localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures.

Question 13

Viscerovisceral

Answer 13

localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related visceral structures.

Question 14

Withdrawal response

Answer 14

A somatosomatic reflex response that occurs when a noxious stimulus is applied to a somatic structure.
 Complex withdrawal due to pain…

Question 15

Myotatic response

Answer 15

The somatosomatic reflex response that occurs when a stretch receptor is stimulated and the stretched muscle receives the impulse to fire, while its antagonist receives an inhibitory message

Question 16

Head/Neck (includes upper esophagus)

Answer 16

S: T1-5

Question 17

Upper GI (includes upper esophagus)

Answer 17

S: T5-10
P: Vagus n. (OA, AA)

Question 18

SI/AC

Answer 18

S: T9-11
P: Vagus n. (OA, AA)

Question 19

A/T Colon

Answer 19

S: T10-L2
P: Vagus n. (OA, AA)

Question 20

D/S Colon/Rectum

Answer 20

S: T12-L2
P: S2-4 (sacrum)

Question 21

UE/LE

Answer 21

S: UE T2-7
S: LE T11-L2

Question 22

Heart

Answer 22

S: T1-6
P: Vagus n. (OA, AA)

Question 23

Adrenals

Answer 23

S: T5-10
P: Vagus n. (OA, AA)

Question 24

Lungs

Answer 24

S: T1-7
P: Vagus n. (OA, AA)

Question 25

Genitourinary Tract (includes bladder)

Answer 25

S: T10-L2 Bladder P: S2-4 (sacrum)

Question 26

Ureter (upper)

Answer 26

S: T10-11 P: Vagus n. (OA, AA)

Question 27

Ureter (lower)

Answer 27

S: T12-L2 P: S2-4 (sacrum)

Question 28

Reproductive organs

Answer 28

P: S2-4 (sacrum)

Question 29

What are chapman's reflexes?

Answer 29

A group of palpable points occurring in predictable locations on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the body that are considered to be reflections of visceral dysfunction or disease.

Question 30

What are the three components of Chapman's Reflexes?

Answer 30

• Viscerosomatic reflex of both diagnostic and treatment value • Gangliform contraction that blocks lymphatic drainage and causes SNS dysfunction (neurolymphatic) • A consistent reproducible series of points both anterior and posterior related to specific organs or conditions

Question 31

Palpatory Features of Chapman's Reflexes

Answer 31

* Located deep to the skin in the subcutaneous areolar tissue on deep fascia or periosteum * Paired anterior and posterior points in most cases * Small, smooth and firm nodule (boba tea pearls) * Approximately 2-3 mm in diameter • May be confluent * Dense but not hard

Question 32

What is the pain like in chapmans?

Answer 32

* Pinpoint, Sharp and Non-radiating * Located under the physician’s finger tip * Pain is greater than is expected * Pt. is usually previously unaware of the sore spot.

Question 33

What are the contraindications of Chapman's Reflexes?

Answer 33

• Anytime a patient needs emergent care the emphasis is always on Airway, Breathing & Circulation, not OMT. • Patient refusal • Relatively contraindicated with a fracture, cancer, and other patient instability