Vision

Question 1

What is the initial activation of the nervous system?

Answer 1

Sensation

Question 2

What is the translation of stimulus into patterns of neural activity called?

Answer 2

Transduction

Question 3

What is the construction of a mental representation?

Answer 3

Perception

Question 4

Sensory systems require specialised ________ cells for transduction of the stimuli to neural impulses

Answer 4

Receptor

Question 5

What structure of the eye forms the image that focuses light at on the retina at the back of the eye?

Answer 5

Cornea

Question 6

What structure of the eye adjusts the shape of the image; and can change to focus on near or more distant objects, before focusing light on the retina on the back of the eye?

Answer 6

Lens

Question 7

The _______ receives an inverted image from the cornea and lens, and converts light to electric signals

Answer 7

Retina

Question 8

What nerve transmits electric signals to the brain?

Answer 8

Optic

Question 9

What part of the retina is specialised for vision with fine detail?

Answer 9

Fovea

Question 10

What area of the eye contains no photo receptors?

Answer 10

The Blind spot

Question 11

Name two types of photoreceptors in the eye

Answer 11

Rods and Cones

Question 12

What type of photoreceptor is sensitive to dim light, not colour?

Answer 12

Rods

Question 13

What type of photoreceptor is sensitive to colour, and contains different types of photopigment which determines the colour (ie light wavelengths), to which they are sensitive?

Answer 13

Cones

Question 14

If you are closer to the Fovea, would more cones or rods be predominant?

Answer 14

Cones

Question 15

Towards the periphery of the fovea, you would you find a higher percentage of __________

Answer 15

Rods

Question 16

Do rods or cones require higher light stimulation?

Answer 16

Cones

Question 17

What type of photoreceptor helps us see in low light?

Answer 17

Rods

Question 18

Name the three types of cones: ______, ______, and ______

Answer 18

Blue, Red and Green

Question 19

There are approximately 260,000,000 _____________ cells, in comparison to 2,000,000 _________ cells in the eye

Answer 19

Photoreceptor, Ganglion

Question 20

From the retina, information is transferred on via the ________ nerve

Answer 20

Optic

Question 21

Optic nerve fibers cross at the optic _________

Answer 21

Chiasm

Question 22

The left visual hemifield is “viewed” by the ________ hemisphere

Answer 22

Right (and vice versa)

Question 23

Between the optic nerve and the primary visual cortex, where does information travel through?

Answer 23

The Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN), which is part of the thalamus

Question 24

Name the Brodmann’s area in which you would find the Primary Visual Cortex

Answer 24

BA 17, or V1, or Striate Cortex

Question 25

A neuron will only respond to a stimulus, if it occurs in that neurons ________ ________

Answer 25

Receptive Field

Question 26

Near what fissure would you find the Primary Visual Cortex?

Answer 26

Calcarine Fissure

Question 27

The __________ of a visual stimulus in the receptive field will influence the degree of cell discharge (and if it discharges at all)

Answer 27

Orientation

Question 28

The Hierarchical Coding Hypothesis suggests that regions are successively sensitive to more _______ feature combinations

Answer 28

Complex

Question 29

There are two cortical pathways in the Visual system, one enables the brain to locate ________ an object is, and the other enables the brain to locate ________ the object is

Answer 29

Where, What

Question 30

The "Where" pathway can be found in the _________ are of the brain

Answer 30

Dorsal

Question 31

The "What" pathway can be found in the _________ area of the brain

Answer 31

Ventral

Question 32

In the hierarchical organisation, when the complexity increases, the receptive field size _______ and increases in ________

Answer 32

Increases, Latency

Question 33

__________ is the initial activation of the nervous system

Answer 33

Sensation

Question 34

Photoreceptors contain _____________, protein molecules sensitive to light

Answer 34

Photopigments

Question 35

Blue coloured cones respond to _________ wavelengths

Answer 35

Shorter

Question 36

Green coloured cones respond to ________

Answer 36

Medium

Question 37

Red coloured cones respond to ________ wavelengths

Answer 37

Longer

Question 38

White light activates all three cone receptors because it contains all __________

Answer 38

wavelengths

Question 39

The _________ pathway contains more than 90% if the axons in the optic nerve

Answer 39

Retinogeniculate

Question 40

The ____________ pathway is the projection from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus

Answer 40

Retinogeniculate

Question 41

The LGN is made up of how many layers?

Answer 41

Six

Question 42

The _______ Ganglion cell projects to the bottom two layers of the LGN, while the ________ Ganglion cell projects to the top for layers of the LGN

Answer 42

M, P

Question 43

The Superior Colliculus and Pulvinar Nucleus play a large role in Visual ________

Answer 43

Attention

Question 44

Light reflected off an object to the right of someone's gaze will activate photoreceptors on the medial, or nasal, side of the _________ retina, and the lateral, or temporal side of the __________ retina

Answer 44

Right, Left

Question 45

The receptive fields of cells in the LGN are _________ shape

Answer 45

Circular

Question 46

LGN cells are ideal for signalling changes in __________

Answer 46

Illumination